The Great Depression Of Franz Kafka s The Metamorphosis

Franz Kafka uses the ideas of modernism to portray his childhood relationship with his father and foreshadows that of Gregor Samsa’s. In the early 1900s, the Great Depression greatly impacted human s perspective and outlook which made people reject the ideas of romanticism and turn to the ideas of modernism. Kafka incorporates his relationship with his father by having it abstractly correlate with the relationship that Gregor has with his father. The relationship that Franz Kafka had with his father foretells the relationship of Gregor Samsa’s in The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka. In the early 1900s, tragedy struck for America when the Great Depression hit. A major economic decline rapidly spread throughout the country. Unemployment soared†¦show more content†¦The poverty and depression that was experienced turned to cold, hard realistic views and hatred when it came to new perspectives on the world. No longer did humans look at the world from a calming, beautiful and picturesque view because of the personal experiences that were encountered. Writers now use cold, hard, real details to depict different aspects which translated into using modernism, instead of romanticism. Modernism was a literary movement that started in the 1900s. Modernism used cold, hard facts based on alienation, loss and despair. It is a radical literary movement throughout America and Europe (Modernism). Writers have now written their books and articles with realistic details and elements of gothic now appear as grotesque. Books who use modernism have a very self-conscious and ironic appeal. Writers use stream of consciousness as a way to depict every thought that a character is thinking, to feel what they are feeling and to understand hardships that are encountered. It’s the backstory of why they do certain actions and to understand their feelings. It’s a way be real with the reader because everything and anything is heard and read. Kafka uses modernism in â€Å"The Metamorphosis† as a way to express his inner emotions about passionate topics. Franz Kafka uses the grotesque effect to describe exactly how the beetle looks. He uses absurd and bizarre effects to portray the physical shape of the beetle and to explain how the beetle moves.Show MoreRelatedGregor Samsa Essay1280 Words   |  6 PagesFranz Kafka writes Gregor Samsa in his novel The Metamorphosis to portray specific details of his childhood life. In the early 1900’s the Great Depression occurred which changed the romantic time period into the modernism that focused on grotesque imagery. The Great Depression caused people to appreciate their beautiful world, before it turned into the dark and gloomy atmosphere it was for ten years. Kafka and Gregor’s lives share the similarity that both of their fathers were aggressive, alienatingRead MoreDepression And The Mindset Of Those Who Are Afflicted2225 Words   |  9 PagesUpshaw Depression and the mindset of those who are afflicted Depression Kafka Gregor Stress depression Anxiety Parasitism Death Notes Works cited When an individual has no other choice but to rely upon another for their own livelihood, feelings of inadequacy may begin to tear at his or her mental well-being. These emotions could cause him or her to see his or herself as nothing more than a parasite harming the people that care about them. Accordingly, this thought process could thenRead More Existentialism in Franz Kafkas The Metamorphosis and The Hunger Artist1401 Words   |  6 PagesExistentialism in The Metamorphosis and The Hunger Artist       Existentialism is a philosophy dealing with mans aloneness in the universe. Either there is no God or else God stands apart from man, leaving him free will to make his own choices. From this basic idea of man being alone in an uncertain and purposeless world, many related ideas have developed. One great worry of existentialist writers is that life is becoming too complicated and too impersonal. People become more and moreRead MoreWho Is Blame For Gregor s Unfortunate Fate1550 Words   |  7 Pagesgood or bad. In Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis, we come across Gregor, the protagonist of this story, whose miserable life takes a turn when he turns into a vermin, resulting as a burden to his family. He then later dies at the end of the novella causing a relief to the family. With that being said, who can we ultimately blame for Gregor’s own transformation and death? Although Gregor is largely responsible for his unfortunate fate, his parents are the biggest culp rit for Gregor s atrocities. Read MoreThe Life Of Gregor Samsa By Franz Kaftka1397 Words   |  6 PagesThe story of Gregor Samsa by Franz Kaftka began with him more or less already being transformed into a nondescript insect. He then began his descent into a bug-like state through slowly ceasing the few actions, thoughts and things that made him human. The more he accepted his state as an insect and the less of a place he held as the family’s breadwinner, the more he disappeared into his physicality. Although it may outwardly appear that Gregor’s physical transformation into an insect happened atRead MoreWhat Is Metamorphosis Or Transformation?2664 Words   |  11 PagesCHAPTER 1: What is metamorphosis or transformation? First of all we should understand what metamorphosis means – a change of the form or nature of a thing or person into a completely different one. One can just simply call it change or transformation. One can undergo different types of transformations i.e. a person can undergo physical/biological transformation, or psychological transformation, or behavioural transformation, or cultural transformation, or spiritual transformation, or some other transformationsRead More Suicide among college students Essay example2677 Words   |  11 Pagesherself? The causes for committing suicide can range from depression, family and relationship problems, expectations, pressure to succeed and academic failure, financial stableness, not reaching the goal that is desired and many more. According to the National Association for Suicide Prevention everyone has different reasons for being depressed and the extent of that depression will also vary from person to person. Some common causes of depression that have been found to lead to college suicide are notRead MoreSuicide Among College Students2688 Words   |  11 Pagesherself? The causes for committing suicide can range from depression, family and relationship problems, expectations, pressure to succeed and academic failure, financial stableness, not reaching the goal that is desired and many more. According to the National Association for Suicide Prevention everyone has different reasons for being depressed and the extent of that depression will also vary from person to person. Some common causes of depression that have been found to lead to college suicide are notRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the desi gnations by manufacturers

Egypt and Mesopotamia Similarities and Differences in...

Most societies that developed in ancient civilizations were centered around their belief systems. The Egyptians and the Mesopotamians were no different in this sense. Both civilizations were polytheistic and built elaborate temples to praise their gods. Additionally, the leaders in both regions were believed to be related to the gods because of the great power they held and the wealth under their control. However, the Mesopotamians had a pessimistic outlook on life because of the unpredictability of their environment. The Egyptians, on the other hand, had an optimistic outlook because the Nile River inundated their region regularly, which could be predicted by the stars. The similarities and differences in the religions of these two†¦show more content†¦The Egyptians believed that their pharaohs were the reincarnation of the sun god Re, the chief god who held the most power of all of the gods. This was believed because the pharaohs had immense power, governed huge are as of lands, and controlled vast resources such as gold and slaves. The pharaohs also elevated their status by building huge structures to the gods that seemed to transcend their earthly life, such as the pyramids and temples. The pharaohs used ordinary Egyptians to build the pyramids, not slaves, because the Egyptians wanted to please the god king so they would be guaranteed a place in the afterlife. The pharaohs also conquered thousands of square miles of land through military victories which seemed almost impossible for mere mortals. Similarly, the Mesopotamian kings were believed to be the sons of gods. The god the kings were related to depended on the city state’s main god, which was usually Anu. The king was also the chief priest which continued the relationship, keeping them close to the gods. The kings took on massive public works projects as well as military conquests which further cemented this belief. Because of the importance of the gods to these societies , their leaders were raised to a â€Å"godly† status as a reflection of their significance and as a result of their many accomplishments, which also gave the people a more tangible connection to the gods. While both societies honored their gods and saw their leadersShow MoreRelatedSimilarities Between Ancient Egypt And Mesopotamia951 Words   |  4 PagesAncient Egypt and Mesopotamia. However, because of the different geography, exposure to outside invasion, influence, and beliefs, Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia came to not only contrast in political and social structures but also share similarities in them as well. When it came to the development of Ancient Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilizations politics played a prominent role in structuring the very foundation of each respective civilization. For instance, when it came to Ancient Egypt there existedRead MoreSimilarities Between Ancient Mesopotamia And Egypt1101 Words   |  5 PagesCultural Differences and Similarities While describing the cultural among the people of Mesopotamia and Egypt, I learned the differences and similarities in culture. The birth of Mesopotamian Civilization began in c. 3000 B.C.E., in the valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers of Southwest Asia. Mesopotamia is a Greek word and it means ‘between the rivers.’ In contrast, the birth of Egyptian Civilization began in c. 3100 B.C.E., in a valley of the Nile River in Northeastern Africa. Egypt is a GreekRead MoreEgypt and Mesopotamia: A Societal and Religious Comparison Essays765 Words   |  4 PagesThe Egyptian and Mesopotamian religion and society were similar, but their government system was different. The religions in Egypt and Mesopotamia were similar because both were polytheistic, had beliefs of an afterlife, as well as priests who were part of the upper levels of the social hierarchy. Social similarities between Egypt and Mesopotamia included: rigid social structure, dependence on slavery, and authori tative religious structure. However, the system of government was different becauseRead MoreEgypt And Mesopotamia Similarities751 Words   |  4 Pages Mesopotamia and Egypt were both part of the creation of the worlds first civilizations. These countries shared many similarities and differences within their society, political structure, and their religions. Mesopotamian and Egypt both flourished near rivers in which enabled them to become an agricultural enriched society. While both civilizations had the advantage of the rivers, Egypt did not have the fertile hinterland that allowed Mesopotamia to excel in agriculture. Through a political standpointRead MoreMesopotamia and Egypt Essay before 600 BC911 Words   |  4 PagesMesopotamia and Egypt Ancient civilizations across history have shown unique and incredible feats of mankind. Arguably, two of the most prominent ancient civilizations in the Middle East and even the world are the Mesopotamians (Beginning 5,000 B.C.) and Egyptians (Beginning 3,150 B.C). Even though these two civilizations peaked about 2,000 years apart, they share numerous similarities contributing to their success, and also show even more differences that distinguish how each had a unique cultureRead MoreThe Rise Of Civilizations On Egypt And Mesopotamia1530 Words   |  7 PagesThe rise of civilizations in Egypt and Mesopotamia occurred around the same time and the environment and natural forces affected the similarities and differences in social, political, and economic stability. There were many similarities and differences between both of these countries as well. In both cases, it was the river valley and geography that affected the agriculture, religious views, and government structures. The Meso potamian and Egyptian civilization developed in the Middle East and wereRead MoreAccording to the modern researchers, the Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations likely seem very1200 Words   |  5 Pagescivilizations likely seem very similar. They had cities, a relatively high standard of living, music, arts , religion, writing, and literature.They both developed at the same time . However, they differed in important and some different ways, especially in terms of culture, politics, religion, art and architecture. Also, they have the geography which is their located differently. Egypt lies on the fertile Nile River valley , and desert around it.The Nile river have effect to Egyptians cultureRead MoreAncient Mesopotamia And Egypt Different1029 Words   |  5 PagesAncient Mesopotamia Egypt; Different The Same Long before you and I today were societies in formation. These fascinating societies took place in Mesopotamia and Egypt in ancient times. Many factors contributed to the similarities and the differences that occurred between the two; including geography, religion, and social structures. A glance at the these factors will give us a better understanding of a couple of the first societies or civilizations that occurred before people today. In orderRead MoreEgypt And Mesopotamia Similarities984 Words   |  4 Pages In what ways were the civilizations of Mesopotamia and Egypt alike? In what ways were they different? What accounts for these similarities and differences? Mesopotamia and Egypt were the first known civilizations in history. While maintaining separate identities, they still managed to have a vast number of similarities. Differences that go beyond general location were also very prevalent between the two civilizations. One of the biggest similarities between the two civilizations is that theyRead MoreDescribe The Relationship Between Ancient Civilizations1023 Words   |  5 PagesThese civilizations include; Mesopotamia, India, China and Egypt. Not only will I be explaining the relationship between these four civilizations, I will also be explaining how the geography of these civilizations relate to religion, social classes,and writing. Paragraph 1 - Describe land and water forms The geography of these four civilizations are very important aspect of their culture and affect many things such as religion, social classes and even writing. Mesopotamia is the first known civilization

Luminol Crime Scene Investigators

Question: Write about theLuminolfor Crime Scene Investigators. Answer: Luminol is used widely in forensic science by crime scene investigators. Luminol is used to presumptively test if blood is present on a surface. Most crimes scenes are violent and hence blood is mainly found in crime scenes. Blood in a crime scene can be dried or even wiped out using a clothing hence is not visible to the eye. Luminol reagent enhances non-visible blood stains in crime scenes and materials left at a crime scene (Larkin and Gannicliffe 71). Luminol is one of the most used blood detection reagents due to its sensitivity. Luminol is a chemical that turns into a green hue of blue when it is introduced on a surface with blood. Luminol emits light in a blood reaction through chemiluminescence (Radi et al. 51). Chemiluminescence is when light is emitted in a chemical reaction. Luminol reacts with hemoglobin which is found in blood hence producing a greenish glow. Luminol is preferred in crime scene science because it is very sensitive even to minute amount of blood. Surfaces which are suspected to contain blood are sprayed with a luminol solution, and on contact, the hemoglobin in the blood reacts with the luminol. A crime scene officer can then photograph the reaction so as to document the evidence. Blood in crime scenes are exposed to different varying temperatures and conditions. They can even undergo some degradation like normal body fluids. Variation in temperatures and degradation does not reduce the efficiency of luminol (Quickenden, Ennis, and Creamer 276). In a crime scene, any small trace of evidence left behind is vital to the case. A small trace of blood can stick to a surface for many years without being noticed. Luminol is useful in identifying surfaces with blood. The surfaces include floors or even car seats. Luminol is a presumptive test to test is blood is present since certain chemicals will also glow when they react with luminol as if they were blood. More tests such as DNA tests are done to prove the evidence to be blood. The prese nce of blood in crime scene does not always solve the crime on its own, but it leads investigators to investigate the correct theories. Luminol can be used to identify the blood spatter pattern in a crime scene which can be useful in determining the kind of weapon that may have been used in committing the offense. Luminol is more sensitive than other presumptive tests of blood such as the use of phenolphthalein. However, despite the fact that luminol has high sensitivity, it is not highly used in all cases because of concerns about its toxic nature (Larkin and Gannicliffe 71). Luminol causes irritation of soft membranes in the eyes and the nasal cavity. Some studies even suggest that luminol may be a mutagen playing a role in causing certain cancers. The use of luminol is not limited to criminal science (Dilbeck 706). In early years, it was used to stop bleeding since it promotes blood clotting. The health effects of luminol have not been validated hence it is still used in crime scenes. Studies have found out that 3-aminophthalhydrazide, a chemical used to synthesise luminol is not carcinogenic though it may lead to irritation and burns when it comes into contact with the body. Presumptive blood tests have been known to produce false tests hence all of them are presumptive (Nilsson 2). Lumino l, however, is more sensitive than all the other reagents used in the presumptive tests for blood. Luminol also does not interfere with the blood evidence since it does not decompose the DNA materials in the blood. When determining if the material is indeed blood, serological tests need to be done. Luminol does not impede the chemicals being used in serological tests to determine if the blood is from a human or animal. After the blood has been identified, the sample is collected and PCR techniques used to extract DNA from the blood. The use of luminol does not interfere with the further methods to be used for the identification of blood such as PCR and tandem repeats typing (Nilsson 7). Prolonged exposure of the blood to luminol may degrade the DNA in the blood evidence hence it should not be used in a long period of time. If used well, luminol can be very useful to a crime scene. Luminol is often used to envisage blood that may have not been or seen by use of other methods. In a fictional case, a woman was kidnapped from her home, but there was no evidence of a struggle. However, you notice a place which looks cleaner than other areas, like it was cleaned (Ribaux et al. 67). Luminol will be used to determine if there are traces of blood in the spot. Glowing spots is an indication that blood may be there. Glowing areas are photographed as evidence (Grispino 29). Patterns can be identified if they g low under luminol. Luminol is important in the presumptive test of blood. However, it is not used to confirm the presence of blood, and further tests have to be done. Luminol is often used when the blood stains are not visible. Luminol has an advantage over other presumptive tests as it is cheap and does not interfere with further confirmatory tests. Luminol, however, can produce false positives if it comes into contact with chemicals like cleaning bleach. Also, it is possible that it may be carcinogenic. Luminol emits light when it comes into contact with blood. Its adoption has been increasing since it can be used to identify stains that have been there for long and cannot be seen by the naked eye. Works Cited Dilbeck, Lisa. Use of Bluestar Forensic in Lieu of Luminol at Crime Scenes. Journal of Forensic Identification 56.5 (2006): 706720. Print. Grispino, RRJ. Luminol and the Crime Scene. Prosecutor 25.1 (1991): 2832. Print. Larkin, Tony, and Chris Gannicliffe. Illuminating the Health and Safety of Luminol. Science and Justice 48.2 (2008): 7175. Web. Nilsson, Anders. The Forensic Luminol Test for Blood: Unwanted Interference and the Effect on Subsequent Analysis. Linkping University Faculty of Health Sciences Project Microbial Biotechnology (2006): n. pag. Print. Quickenden, T. I., C. P. Ennis, and J. I. Creamer. The Forensic Use of Luminol Chemiluminescence to Detect Traces of Blood inside Motor Vehicles. Luminescence 19.5 (2004): 271277. Web. Radi, R. et al. Peroxynitrite-Induced Luminol Chemiluminescence. The Biochemical Journal 290 ( Pt 1 (1993): 5157. Print. Ribaux, Olivier et al. Intelligence-Led Crime Scene Processing. Part II: Intelligence and Crime Scene Examination. Forensic Science International 199.13 (2010): 6371. Web.

Internet Regulation Policing Cyberspace Essays (1425 words)

Internet Regulation: Policing Cyberspace INTERNET REGULATION: POLICING CYBERSPACE The Internet is a method of communication and a source of information that is becoming more popular among those who are interested in, and have the time to surf the information superhighway. The problem with this much information being accessible to this many people is that some of it is deemed inappropriate for minors. The government wants censorship, but a segment of the population does not. Legislative regulation of the Internet would be an appropriate function of the government. The Communications Decency Act is an amendment which prevents the information superhighway from becoming a computer red light district. On June 14, 1995, by a vote of 84-16, the United States Senate passed the amendment. It is now being brought through the House of Representatives.1 The Internet is owned and operated by the government, which gives them the obligation to restrict the materials available through it. Though it appears to have sprung up overnight, the inspiration of free-spirited hackers, it in fact was born in Defense Department Cold War projects of the 1950s.2 The United States Government owns the Internet and has the responsibility to determine who uses it and how it is used. The government must control what information is accessible from its agencies. This material is not lawfully available through the mail or over the telephone, there is no valid reason these perverts should be allowed unimpeded on the Internet. Since our initiative, the industry has commendably advanced some blocking devices, but they are not a substitute for well-reasoned law.4 Because the Internet has become one of the biggest sources of information in this world, legislative safeguards are imperative. The government gives citizens the privilege of using the Internet, but it has never given them the right to use it. They seem to rationalize that the framers of the constitution planned & plotted at great length to make certain that above all else, the profiteering pornographer, the pervert and the pedophile must be free to practice their pursuits in the presence of children on a taxpayer created and subsidized computer network.3 People like this are the ones in the wrong. Taxpayer's dollars are being spent bringing obscene text and graphics into the homes of people all over the world. The government must take control to prevent pornographers from using the Internet however they see fit because they are breaking laws that have existed for years. Cyberpunks, those most popularly associated with the Internet, are members of a rebellious society that are polluting these networks with information containing pornography, racism, and other forms of explicit information. When they start rooting around for a crime, new cybercops are entering a pretty unfriendly environment. Cyberspace, especially the Internet, is full of those who embrace a frontier culture that is hostile to authority and fearful that any intrusions of police or government will destroy their self-regulating world.5 The self-regulating environment desired by the cyberpunks is an opportunity to do whatever they want. The Communications Decency Act is an attempt on part of the government to control their free attitude displayed in homepages such as Sex, Adult Pictures, X-Rated Porn, Hot Sleazy Pictures (Cum again + again) and sex, sex, sex. heck, it's better even better than real sex6. What we are doing is simply making the same laws, held constitutional time and time again by the courts with regard to obscenity and indecency through the mail and telephones, applicable to the Internet.7 To keep these kinds of pictures off home computers, the government must control information on the Internet, just as it controls obscenity through the mail or on the phone. Legislative regulations must be made to control information on the Internet because the displaying or distribution of obscene material is illegal. The courts have generally held that obscenity is illegal under all circumstances for all ages, while indecency is generally allowable to adults, but that laws protecting children from this lesser form are acceptable. It's called protecting those among us who are children from the vagrancies of adults.8 The constitution of the United States has set regulations to determine what is categorized as obscenity and what is not. In Miller vs. California, 413 U.S. at 24-25,

The Influence of Enlightenment on the French Revolution essays

The Influence of Enlightenment on the French Revolution essays What is enlightenment? The 18th century Enlightenment was a movement of the intellectuals who dared to prove all the aspects in life scientifically. German philosopher Immauel Kant proclaimed the motto of the enlightenment : Dare to know!: Have the courage to use your own intelligence! People were greatly impressed by the scientific revolution. They were also advocating the application of the scientific method to the understanding of all life. During the age of enlightenment, science became popular and there were a lot of philosophers who applied the natural law to the social life. For example: John Locke, Jean Jacques Rousseau, Adam Smith, Montesquieu and many more. These people were the ones who then affected the French Revolution using their philosophies. Political, economical, and social problems in France during the 18th century led to the French Revolution. The political problem was the French monarchy itself. Monarchy is a system where the country is ruled by one single power(i.e. the king). While the economical problem was the falling of French economic. The social problem was that the society was divided into three estates : the clergy, the nobility, and the commoners. The French Revolution consisted of three phases. The first one was the Liberal Revolution, the second was the French Republic, and the third one was the Napoleonic era. During the first phase, which was influenced by John Locke, French people wanted to be liberated. According to John Locke everyone has inalienable human rights and government should protect these inalienable rights, not to take it away. But in fact, the French monarchy abused the humans natural rights. People did not have freedom and that is why they wanted to be liberated from the French monarc hy. John Locke personally criticized monarchy and social inequality. He said that all humans are the same and they should be equal to one another. In this phase, Locke&a...

My Opinion on the Movie Titanic

My Opinion on the Movie Titanic The essay is an analysis of the movie Titanic written and directed by James Cameron and was released on 19 December 1997 and runs for 194 minutes. The movie is a flashback an epic romance and tragedy, telling a story of Lovett who hunts for treasure. Together with his squad, he looks for heart of the ocean; a necklace they deemed was in Cal’s safe. What they found was a portrait of a woman dated 1912 14 April.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on My Opinion on the Movie Titanic specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Upon the knowledge of the portray, Dawson Calvert contacted Lovett, she was asked if she knew about the necklace and she said that indeed she was the one Rose DeWittone of the passengers deemed to have die when the ship sunk after hitting a iceberg. She retells how she boarded the ship in a first class with her fiancà © Cal a son of Pittsburgh rich man. The latter’s parents stressed the importance of the two to marry. Being disturbed, Rose contemplated committing suicide. Just before she slips off the ship, Jack comes into the scene and convinces her not to do that. The two later established developed a mutual relationship. Cal together with his mother did not approve of this kind of friendship but Rose defied this kind of orders (‘Titanic’). One moment she and jack found their way out of sight of Cal’s bodyguard, they went to room where Rose told Jack to draw her nude but putting on the necklace. It is later that thy made love. Cal discovered the portrait drawn by Jack. Cal framed Jack by lacing the necklace in Jacks coat who was later arrested. He was handcuffed. At this moment the ship had hit an iceberg and the ship was sinking, Cal, his mother and Rose were on board, the later escape to go and try to save Jack. The two later managed to get back to the deck, at this point, Cal made Rose to board the lifeboat again with a promise that both Jack and Cal wil l be safe, the later then double-crossed Jack. Seeing this Rose found her way out to be with Jack in the sinking ship. With frustration, Cal ran after them while shooting. Shortage of ammunitions made him return and boarded the lifeboat. While Jack and Rose were at the top of the deck people were dying since all life boats had disappeared. A panel that could support one person is what helped them, Jack died as a result of hypothermia. With the return of a lifeboat, Rose signaled the crew using a whistle; she is saved and goes to New York where she changed her name to Dawson Rose. She later went to Lovett’s ship and dropped the necklace. This is one movie I like due to the romance, music soundtrack, the issue of social class. The kind of music played in the movie left me more connected with it, the song from Celine Dion â€Å"my Heart Will Go On† is in line with the love theme. Additionally, when the ship had hit an iceberg, the bandleader Henry called up his eight man team and started playing waltzes and ragtime.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They all perished while sinking this was very touchy (‘Titanic’). Another music that made me glued and really felt what was happening in the movie is a track titled, â€Å"Death of Titanic† this was an anticipation of what would happen later in the ship. The loud cries of those falling for death after the departure of all the lifeboats are the climax. The romantic scenes in the movie were a blast in my opinion. Romance started when Jack arrived just in time to persuade Rose not to commit suicide by falling from the ship. After that scene, it is evident that the two crafted there way out of Cal’s bodyguard. In a room, Rose demanded to be drawn while putting on nothing other than there necklace. Similarly, there are other brief scenarios where the two made love, in the deck. It is indeed this love that makes each open yearn for the safety of the other. On the same note, the incident where jack and rose dance was also full of romantic expression. This made me and I bet more individuals who hold the same opinion like that of mine to love this movie. The death of Jack while with Rose is another memorable moment in this movie. Lastly, the issue of social stratification did come out clearly as it was well planned by Cameron. In any given set of a society, it is apparent that all individuals who constitute that society cannot be in the same class. It is for this reasons that most of those aboard the ship lost their life. Majority was third and second class who could not be allowed to enter the lifeboats, those individuals in first class were saved (‘Titanic’). Additionally, Jack’s relationship with Rose was not approved just because he was from a lower class than that of Cal whose marriage with Rose was purported to solve the financ ial problem her family had. From the review of what makes me love the movie Titanic, are three main things the romantic scenes, the issue of social class and the sweet sound tracks and music. ‘Titanic’. Dir. Cameron, James. Prod. Sanchini, R. Videocassette. Paramount Pictures, 1997Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on My Opinion on the Movie Titanic specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

Local Transport Plan Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Local Transport Plan - Case Study Example Around 3.6% employed personnel use bicycle as a mode of transportation. The Local Transport Plan (LTP) has made broad arrangements to cope the problems in tourism, Island's environment, road traffic, safety, health, education, transportation, economy and employment. The roads in Isle of Wight are unstable due to coastal erosion and frequent landslips that require maintenance every then and now. There are many incidents where routes leading certain roads were shutdown due to landslips and coastal erosion. The western end of A3055 military road is unstable due to coastal erosion and slippages that create havoc to the traffic. Due to landslip, Public Footpath C34 Whale Chine that is located 170 meters south of A3055 military road to the beach will remain closed until 21st November 2009. There is no alternative route. Due to landslip, Public Footpath NT48, NT49, NT50, NT51 and V124 will be closed until 21st November 2009. Diversion route: A3055 Under cliff Drive. The structures of the Island's roads were not specifically designed to match the present vehicular traffic. Every now and then the roads have to go through maintenance.

As a manager Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

As a manager - Research Paper Example Decisions are arrived at after an objective scrutiny of the underlying facts and ideas. The ENTJ personality style does not allow for subjective judgment, or relying on previous experiences. It enhances the quality of the decision-making process. The ENTJ personality style is not independent of other personality styles. The style ought to recognize that some decisions rely on existing trends. It does not allow for flexible decisions that are adjustable to the dynamic working environment. The decision-making process should incorporate a sufficient balance between both objective and subjective judgment. The personality type is strict on guidelines and set rules. It is best applied in careers that do not allow personal feelings and emotions to take part in the decision-making process. Such careers include; Law, Real Estate, and Engineering. The three careers do not provide any grounds for subjectivity; that is, decision-making is based on the laid-down facts (Tieger, & Tieger, 2009). The MBTI test is a sufficient performance measure that analyzes different employee attributes. I would use the test to enhance job deployments. The test would ensure that employees are stationed in departments that suit them. Long-term goals for this test would be to increase job satisfaction within the entire workforce; hence increasing

Red Robin Restaurant Evaluation Essay Example for Free

Red Robin Restaurant Evaluation Essay The theme for all Red Robin restaurants is â€Å"Red Robin†¦. Yum! † When thinking about this statement you really have to think about all that encompasses. What makes the food so good? Does the atmosphere make the yum factor even better? What about the staff how do they contribute to the yum factor of the food? For this evaluation I would like to explore this yum factor and truly understand what makes the Red Robin chain of restaurants stick with yum as a marketing tool to entice customers to come in. Firstly we will explore the atmosphere of the Red Robin restaurants and how the atmosphere adds to the yum factor. When you first walk into a Red Robin restaurant you are greeted by a friendly hostess who joyfully takes you and your party to your table. Once you are seated your server comes over to greet you and take your drink order. This is great for the yum factor because no one like to eat food in the mist of negativity, when you are in a place where the atmosphere is negative it just makes your whole entire experience bad. The one down side to this is that at times if you have children, you are still in the process of settling in; you are not quite ready for your server to come by and take your drink order because you have not even looked at the menu. Secondly we must discuss the staff and how they add to the yum factor for Red Robin restaurants. The staff at Red Robin is for about 95% of the time the friendliest and warm restaurant staff you will encounter. The staffs at Red Robin restaurants are very accommodating for anyone who needs to place a special order. They are also good about getting food to children first, especially if it is later in the evening and they are hungry. This ability to get what I desire to eat the way that I desire it without having to be reprimanded for substituting this for that or adding this or that, makes the yum factor so much better because it is truly what I want. However, the one con that I have seen of the Red Robin staff is that, they are not prepared for last minute large parties. There have been times when a group of friends have decided to just go and have a great time eating together, the staff takes about thirty minutes to get their selves together to be able to accommodate the crew. Lastly, we must discuss what makes the food so good and how it makes the yum factor. The food at Red Robin consists of burgers, French fries, select chicken products, salads and sandwich wraps. The burgers are considered gourmet because they have more than just your typical bacon, cheese, ketchup and mustard. The food theme for Red Robin is classic comfort with a twist of class to heighten your taste buds. On the other hand when it comes to the food some may find that the classiness of some of the items is too much for them. Some people just want a simple cheeseburger with no muss or fuss, and with all the gourmet burgers this may be a turnoff to those people. The uniqueness of the food is what gives Red Robin the yum factor, the food is comforting and the flavors are bold. In conclusion you can clearly understand how the staff, atmosphere and food at Red Robin restaurants live up you their motto â€Å"Red Robin†¦Yum! † When you have a great atmosphere, great staff, and food that delivers’ on the taste, you have a great recipe for the yum factor. When you are choosing a place to eat you want to choose a place where you have the full yum factor effect. Some restaurants may just have one or two elements of the yum factor, but if you are looking for a place with all three yum factors, then Red Robin is the restaurant for you.

Student Presentation on Rotavirus Essay -- Essays Papers

Student Presentation on Rotavirus Encounter Rotavirus is a wheel-shaped double stranded RNA virus. It is the most common cause of gastroenteritis in children between the ages of 6 months and 2 years. It is believed that by the age of 4 most children in the United States have experience this infection and have developed immunity to severe disease caused by rotavirus. Individuals that are known to be at increased risk with complication of dehydration due to this viral disease include malnourished children as well as malnourished adults especially in the developing countries and the elderly that have a weakened immune system as they age. According to the Lancet, rotavirus is still believed to be the most recognized cause of diarrhea in children everywhere, however the infection is much more deadly in the developing world. "In the USA, for example, rotavirus infections are responsible for 50,000 admissions a year but only 20 deaths. In the developing world, on the other hand, rotavirus is responsible for 20% of deaths from diarrhe a in children. Worldwide it is estimated that virus kills about 500,000 children under the age of 5-years-old each year"(McCarthy 2003). As far as the U.S. is concerned, the rotavirus disease spread seems to have a seasonal distribution. (Seasonal Pattern). It has been accounted in many studiesthat rotavirus diarrhea shows a significant winter seasonality. This very unique wave of spread seems to move successively from west to east in the U.S., starting from Mexico and Southwestern states in the months of October and November and reaching the East coast in March and April. It has been suggested that weather conditions such as low temperature and humidity along with facilitated viral survival on fomi... ...d Health Policy)." The Lancet. 2003: 361; 582. Meissner, Cody. "Rotavirus and Other Viral Agents of Gastroenteritis." Mechanisms of Microbial Disease. 1999: 3; 345(9). "Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal: Rotavirus infections." Archives of Disease in Childhood, 2002: 87; 564(1). Internet "Rotavirus." Center of Disease Control and Prevention. 2003. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/revb/gastro/rotavirus.htm "Rotavirus." Center of Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. Jan, 2003. http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~mow/chap33.html "EMT of Rotavirus." Kisielius, Jonas Jose et al. ASM MicrobeLibrary. http://www.microbelibrary.org/FactSheet.asp?SubmissionID=590&LS "Image of Double Capsid." 1995. http://web.uct.ac.za/depts/mmi/stannard/rotaboth.gif "EMTs of Negatively Stained Rotavirus as Seen in a Stool Sample. http://www.wadsworth.org/databank/rotavirs.htm

Thesis Title

How to Make a Good Thesis Title A thesis title is the first thing a reader will encounter upon picking up your paper. It should provide a concise view of the topic your paper will address, as well as give a sense of what angle you are approaching the issue from. Titles will need to be crafted very carefully and might change many times over the course of writing a thesis paper, as the focus of your writing shifts and you tease out different nuances of the subject.Give yourself a chance to make a positive first impression with your title by making it descriptive representative of your overall work. Instructions: 1. Your thesis title most importantly should not be a bland statement on the topic your paper covers, no matter how specific. Thesis titles should generally be as carefully worded as the arguments and researched contained in your paper. Make an effort to come up with multiple possible titles that reflect your work. 2. Make sure you have the exact format required for your work o r assignment.The most basic format for a thesis title includes a shorter main title that generally describes the work and a longer subtitle that explains the finer details of your research; these are often separated by a colon. If the guidelines for your thesis call for the title to be organized differently, follow them as closely as possible. 3. Conduct a survey using your possible titles to determine which one is the best. Present your classmates and teachers with a short list of your three favorite titles and ask them which appeals to them most.Once you have a clear choice, go back through your paper to make sure that your title is consistent with the tone and point of view of your thesis. 4. If your paper deals specifically with a time period, make sure to mention this in the title. Include the dates or years at the end of the subtitle, following a colon. As an example, if your thesis addressed the last years of World War II, your title might read â€Å"Ending the Conflict: War fare in Central Europe, 1943-1945. † Tips & Warnings †¢Look through professional journals and college essays to see which titles rab your attention while still giving you a good idea of what to expect in the paper. †¢Do not attempt to write a thesis title before you have at least a rough outline of what the body of your paper is about. A thesis that is not targeted to the information in your work will leave the reader confused as to what your paper is about. In addition, do not simply write a dry description of your essay and assume it will work as a title. Titles should be informative, but including a bit of humor or levity (depending on the subject) can help your paper's appeal expand.

Textiles as a Building Material Beyond That of a Passive Skin

The functional character of fabrics: fabrics as aedificestuff beyond that of a inactive tegument. Much of the Interior Architects work consist of the adaptative re-use of concrete, steel and brick edifices. In a universe where resources are scarce and edifices have to be demolished to do manner for new 1s, fabrics could go an attractive option to traditional edifice stuffs. Could textiles serve edifice demands beyond that of a inactive tegument, beyond that of a cosmetic characteristic? Table of Contentss:Page figure: List of Figures†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦twoIntroduction: Buildings beyond inactive shelter†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ .1Fabrics as a inactive tegument [ shelter ] †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ .2Curtain as architecture [ the interior tegument ] †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦ .3More than a skin†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦ .4Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7List of references†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8List of Figures: FIGURE 1: Curtain Wall House, Shigeru Ban [ pg.2 ] FIGURE 2: Axonometric position bespeaking drape as exterior facade [ pg.2 ] FIGURE 3: Section through concert hall [ pg.3 ] FIGURE 4: Large window with functional drape [ pg.3 ] FIGURE 5: Fabric facade [ pg.4 ] FIGURE 6: Responsive photovoltaic fabric strips [ pg.4 ] FIGURE 7: Diagram bespeaking response energy reaping facade elements [ pg.5 ] FIGURE 8: Curtain as splitter and illuming system [ pg.6 ] FIGURE 9: UV-resistant plastic insularity [ pg.6 ] FIGURE 10: Multi layered membrane construction [ pg.6 ]Introduction: Buildings beyond inactive shelterâ€Å"ALL BUILDINGS, Once HANDED OVER by the builders to the client, have three possible destinies, viz. to stay unchanged, to be altered or to be demolished. The monetary value for staying unchanged is eventual loss of business, the menace of change is the entropic skid, the promise of destruction is of a new building.† -Fred Scott ( SCOTT 2007:1 ) Current building rates and techniques could be seen as a response to society’s demands for a peculiar criterion of life ( ADDIS 2006: 5 ) . Within our current preponderantly industrialized society, it is usual pattern to cover with unwanted edifices by taking those things with immediate value, pulverizing what is left over and disposing of it by lodging it into the land ( CROWTHER 1999: 1 ) . This has a great impact on our environment, and can be seen in the depletion of non-renewable natural resources, air pollution and the debasement of the natural landscape to call a few ( ADDIS 2006: 5 ) . These patterns with their damaging environmental effects can non be sustained, either environmentally or economically, and convey on a demand for newer and more efficient building techniques and material utilizations ( CROWTHER 1999: 1 ) . Harmonizing to Guy and Shell,Design for deconstruction and stuffs reuse( 2001 ) The overall end with Design for Deconstruction†¦ â€Å"†¦is to cut down pollution impacts and increase resource and economic efficiency in the version and eventual remotion of edifices, and recovery of constituents and stuffs for reuse, re-manufacturing and recycling.† Design for deconstruction starts to oppugn traditional edifice methods and ways of believing simply by look intoing the mode in which things connect and gulf. With anticipations such as energy scarceness and resource depletion designers in assorted Fieldss should no longer be planing edifices merely to function as reclaimable shelter. Therefore, for a edifice to merely be demountable and adaptable is no longer plenty. Buildings should instead hold the potency of tackling the sustainable resources that are available. In this essay, the functional usage of fabrics as an architectural stuff will be questioned. First, the rediscovery of fabrics as an architectural stuff will be considered. Second, the usage of fabric drapes as a functional architectural stuff within Casa district attorney Musica will be briefly investigated and in conclusion, functional applications of fabrics as a inactive tegument within the architectural envelope will be discussed in short.Fabrics as a inactive tegument [ shelter ] Fabrics being one of the nimblest and lightest edifice stuffs, serve as a premier pick in the building of demountable and adaptable edifices. They are easy to transport and put in and hold a comparatively low embodied energy and C footmark. Developing engineerings besides demonstrate the extent to which fabrics are adaptative every bit good as multifunctional as a edifice stuff, doing the stuff capable of turn toing a assortment of human demands ( BROWNELL 2011 ) . While much of the current fabric engineerings are extremely advanced, the basic rules of cloths have ancient roots. The earliest grounds of woven fabrics goes back about 7000 old ages, puting it about instantly after the last ice age. Fabrics were besides found in the Paleolithic colonies in the signifier of portable tent-like huts clad with animate being teguments, imputing it with a long history as an architectural stuff ( McQUAID 2005: 106 ) ( QUINN 2006: 23 ) . This ancient system displays the careful consideration of resource usage every bit good as leting for constituents to be disassembled and relocated, replaced and maintained. The typical compressive frames and tensile membranes used within the constructions could be easy taken apart by the user as it was lightweight ( CROWTHER 1999:5 ) . With clip fabrics were replaced with lumber, rock, concrete and masonry constructions, deteriorating the usage of fabrics as edifice stuff in architecture. Consequently, fabrics are perceived as vulnerable to H2O, flammable, impermanent and weak whereas architecture is associated with mass and denseness. Therefore, fabrics are frequently limited to cosmetic elements ( QUINN 2006: 23 ) . The incorporation of soft cladding stuffs as an built-in constituent of reinforced infinites challenges this premise ( KLASSEN 2008: 1 ) .Shigeru Ban’sCurtain-wall house (see FIGURE 1 ) serves as an advanced modern-day illustration of the usage of lightweight fabrics in building. The fabric is incorporated as a bed of the exterior edifice envelope moving as a shade supplier ; splitter and enclosure in a domestic context ( see FIGURE 2 ) . By utilizing a fabric in topographic point of a structural wall, Shigeru creates paradoxes between the thoughts of openness and separation, permeableness and enclosure, every bit good as working with the thought of motion across interior and exterior infinites. This design offers credibleness to fabrics as a building stuff hinting to the rediscovery of fabrics as a important architectural stuff ( KLASSEN 2008: 3 ) ( QUINN 2006: 23 ) .Curtain as architecture [ the interior tegument ] â€Å"We shortly forgot about ornaments and colorss and began to construe the drape as walls, frontages, built-in parts of the architecture, structures that finish a room.†Ã¢â‚¬â€œPetra Blaisse ( WIENTHAL 2011:274 ) TheCasa district attorney Musicacreated by Rem Koolhaas, with interior infinites shaped by Petra Blaisse reiterates Shigeru’s usage of fabrics. Even more so than theCurtain house, theCasa district attorney Musicareappropriates fabrics as a functional architectural stuff within the inside. ( This illustration serves merely to beef up the instance for fabrics as a functional architectural stuff beyond ornament but does non look at the application beyond a inactive tegument ) . Contrary to conventional public presentation halls, the Casa district attorney Musica consists of big nothingnesss encroaching the edifice margin. This is chiefly because the halls were ‘excavated from the monolithic volume’that forms the edifices shell ( see FIGURE 3 and FIGURE 4 below ) . Initially the impression of drapes served a strictly ocular map within the architect’s theoretical account and was represented as garbages of fabric inserted as topographic point holders ( WIENTHAL 2011:272 ) . The demands and outlooks of the drapes changed as the design squad realized that even the slightest change of graduated table, stuffs, place or construction significantly impacted on the public presentation and potency of the suites. Finally the usage of blackout drapes mediated between the visible radiation and acoustic public presentation within the halls in order to heighten the ocular and audile quality of the infinites ( see FIGURE 4 on pg.3 ) ( WIENTHAL 2011:274, 275 ) . The coaction between Rem Koolhaas and Petra Blaisse exemplifies the ability of a fabric drape to excel the mere cosmetic and enter the kingdom of the functional. The acoustic and atmospheric definition that the fabric curtains conveying to the interior infinites of the Casa district attorney Musica exceeded even those initial outlooks of the designer. The fabric performs a specific map that could be considered architectural in nature and challenges the typical premise that cloth serves merely as a cosmetic addi tion.More than a skin [ the functional character of fabrics ] A new paradigm in architecture is emerging which includes net teguments, flexible skeletons and lightweight interwoven textile constructions that replace traditional positions of architecture as solid gravitation edge constructions. Dense compaction based edifices can be replaced with more efficient tensile systems that besides has the capacity to react to the natural environment ( McQUAID 2005: 104 ) ( QUINN 2006: 23 ) . This displacement enables designers every bit good as interior designers to make constructions that act beyond the boundaries of a inactive tegument. Buildings that harness their ain power from renewable beginnings. Architecture house KVA Matx late published an article in the Energy Future Journal ( Spring edition ) about theirsoft houseconstruct. This construct aims to make an active architecture that responds to environmental conditions. It includes the usage of a movable fabric substructure thatcrops solar energyby agencies of a antiphonal photovoltaic fabric [ 1 ] facade on the outside of the edifice that adjusts to follow the Sun ( KOEPPE 201: 378 ) ( STAUFFER 2013:21 ) . The row of lodging units portion the energy reaping facade as indicated in FIGURE 5 and FIGURE 6. These are equipped with incorporate flexible solar cells. The facade consists of single strips that change place to track the seasonal motions of the Sun ( See 4 diagrams on the right of FIGURE 7 ) . The fabric photovoltaic’s are made up of fabric strips with a fictile,spring-like construction of fibre-reinforced composite boardsthat bend to organize flexible [ 2 ] PV’s. See FIGURE 6 ( BROWNELL 2011 ) . Here the incorporation of fabrics in architecture is critical in order to let for the tegument of the edifice to reap solar energy. Different shadiness forms are besides created in the inside when the facade responds to the Sun ( STAUFFER 2013:20 ) . The Soft House antiphonal facade demonstrates how traditional‘hard’architectural stuffs (such as non-renewable energy, glass-based solar panels and Sun trailing machinery) can be replaced by low C, lightweight stuffs such as fabrics that allow for easy deconstruction and reuse. Here fabrics are used as a soft cladding stuff on the exterior facade of the edifice, nevertheless becomes a well indispensable constituent of the reinforced infinite. The fabric performs a specific map that surpasses that of mere inactive tegument and challenges the typical premises that it serves merely as cosmetic addition. Within the inside of the row lodging units a set of textile ‘smart curtains’ provide movable lighting. Brooding strips and LED’s provide an energy-efficientilluming systemthat allows for adjustable interior infinites. See FIGURE 8. Harmonizing to Kennedy, personal microclimates can be created†¦Ã¢â‚¬ When you [ enclose ] littleinfinites, the brooding elements in thedrapes reflect the heat from the radiantfloor in winteror roll up cooled air ifit’s summertime†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ( STAUFFER 2013:20 ) . The utilizations of proficient or smart fabrics expand beyond that of fabric photovoltaic panels and LED lighting drapes. ThePolar bear marqueeis the first edifice to implement ground-breaking engineering to expeditiously absorb and hive away heat ( See FIGURE 9 ) ( www.business.highbeam.com ) . The multi-layered construction comprises of a heat insulating membrane on a textile footing. The outer bed is composed of a crystalline UV-resistant plastic that provides heat insularity. Below this bed is a black absorbent fabric which is warmed by the Sun. Roll uping paths form an incorporate system of faculties oriented toward the Sun. This het air is so guided to the energy shops ( see FIGURE 10 ) . Here the heat is transformed into chemical energy within the energy shops by agencies of silicon oxide ( www.bio-pro.de ) ( www. techtextil.messefrankfurt.com ) . This extremely advanced system is still in the development stages but suggests countless chances for fabrics in the hereafter. This invention goes beyond that of fabrics as mere tegument and touches on the functional character of fabrics. DecisionInterior designers are continually forced to revaluate current design attacks due to pressing environmental concerns and technological promotions. Despite the current development in fabrics and as discussed, the advanced usage of fabrics in architecture, the applications thereof beyond a inactive tegument are still in their babyhood. I believe that fabrics could potentially go an environmentally sustainable design solution to that of traditional building stuffs. Therefore, non merely moving as a inactive tegument, but besides making chance for interaction with the environment and that we could potentially profit from the functional character of fabrics. This premiss derives from the case in points that focus on the development of antiphonal fabrics and their applications in the reinforced environment. The assorted inventions within the architectural fabric sphere is increasing and turning toward an environmentally sustainable solution.List of MentionsADDIS, B. 2006.Constructi ng with rescued constituents and stuffs: A design enchiridion for reuse andrecycling.United Kingdom: Earthscan. Biopro baden. 2013. A warm house thanks to polar bear rule: News.Found online at:hypertext transfer protocol: //www.bio-pro.de/magazin/index.html? lang=en & A ; artikelid=/artikel/09100/index.html. [ accessed: 24 February 2014 ] . BONNELMAISON, S. & A ; Macy, C. 2007.Responsive fabric environments.Canada: Canadian design research web. Brownell, B. 2011. Driving the hereafter of fabric constructions: Forte cloths reappraisal.Found online at:hypertext transfer protocol: //specialtyfabricsreview.com/articles/0611_f1_fabric_structures.html. [ accessed: 17 February 2014 ] . Butler, N. 2013. Textile roof gaining controls energy for long-run storage: Progresss in fabrics engineering.Found online at:hypertext transfer protocol: //business.highbeam.com/3840/article-1G1-342770882/textile-roof- captures-energy-longterm-storage. [ accessed: 24 February 2014 ] . CROWTHER, P. 2001. Developing and Inclusive Model for Design for Deconstruction. InChini, Abdol ( Ed. )CIB Task Group 39 – Deconstruction, Annual Meeting, 2001, April 2001, Wellington, New Zealand.Found online at:hypertext transfer protocol: //eprints.qut.edu.au/2884/ . [ accessed: 22 February 2014 ] . GUY, B. & A ; Shell, S. 2001. Planing for Deconstruction and Materials reuse. Environmental design usher. InChini, Abdol ( Ed. )CIB Task Group 39 – Deconstruction, Annual Meeting, 2001, April 2001, Wellington, New Zealand.Found online at:hypertext transfer protocol: //www.deconstructioninstitute.com/files/downloads/75508728_DesignforDeconstructionPaper. pdf. [ accessed: 21 February 2014 ] . Inside Outside. 2004. Casa district attorney Musica: Inside Outside, Petra Blaisse. Internet: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.insideoutside.nl/en/casa-da-musica.htm. [ accessed: 20 February 2014 ] . KLASSEN, F. 2008. From the bazar to infinite Architecture: Fabrics reshape the human home ground. Ryerson University: Faculty of communicating and design, school of interior design. Canada: Toronto Ontario.Found online at:hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ryerson.ca/malleablematter/images/publications/Bazaar_to_SpaceArchitecture.pdf. [ accessed: 22 February 2014 ] . KOEPPE, R. , Demir, A. , & A ; Bozkurt, Y. 2010. Development of Energy Generating Photovoltaic fabric constructions for smart applications.Fibers and Polymers.11 ( 3 ) : 378383. McQUAiD, M. 2005.Extreme fabrics: Designing for high public presentation. New York: Thames and Hudson. MILLER, G.T, & A ; Spoolman, S.E. 2009.Populating in the environment: Concepts, connexions andsolutions.16Thursdayedition. USA: Brooks/Cole. PALUSKI, M. , Hewitt, C. , Horman, M. & A ; Guy, B. 2004. Design for deconstruction: Materials reuse and constructability. Pennsylvania State university: Department of Architectural Engineering.Found online at:hypertext transfer protocol: //www.usgbc.org/Docs/Archive/MediaArchive/204_Pulaski_PA466.pdf. [ accessed: 21 February 2014 ] . QUINN, B. 2006. Fabrics in Archicture.Eco Redux.76 ( 6 ) :22-26 SCOTT, F. 2007.On Altering Architecture. New York: Routledge. STAUFFER, N.W. 2013. Constructing frontages that move, textiles that illuminate: A tract to flexible, resilient architecture.Energy Futures.Spring 2013.Found online at:hypertext transfer protocol: //mitei.mit.edu/publications/energy-futures-magazine/energy-futures-spring-2013. [ accessed: 24 February 2014 ] . Techtextil. 2014. Inventions prize victors: News.Found online at:hypertext transfer protocol: //techtextil.messefrankfurt.com/frankfurt/en/besucher/news/techtextil-newsletter/3-top- thema — innovationspreisgewinner.html. [ accessed: 24 February 2014 ] . Volume: 2012. Chance and command, Interview with Petra Blaisse. Internet: hypertext transfer protocol: //volumeproject.org/2012/10/chance-and-control-interview-with-petra-blaisse/ . [ accessed: 20 February 2014 ] . WIENTHAL, L. 2011.Toward a new inside: An anthology of interior design theory. New York: Princeton Architectural imperativeness. 1

Trace the importance of duty and loyalty Essay Example

Trace the importance of duty and loyalty Essay Example Trace the importance of duty and loyalty Essay Trace the importance of duty and loyalty Essay The sacrifice of Sydney Carton is an example of tremendous loyalty to Lucie and her family. Carton loves Lucie so much that he willingly gives up his life to save her husband, Charles Darnay. For you, and for any dear to you, I would do anything. Carton single-handedly thinks up a plan and arranges that he replaces Darnay at the guillotine. Cartons love for Lucie eventually makes him a better person, knowing that he will save Darnay radically changes him, For the first time in many years, he had no strong drink. (p324) Even Mr. Lorry notices the change in him His manner was so fervent and inspiring, (p330). For the first time Carton feels like his life may have a purpose and could be useful Of little worth as life is when we misuse it, (p322)Cartons loyalty to Lucie is extremely important for him, in choosing to die for her, Carton not only enables their happiness but also ensures his spiritual rebirth. It is a far, far better thing that I do than I have ever done, it is a far, far better rest that I go to than I have ever known. (p361) We can see through all these characters how important loyalty and duty is. For some people like Carton and Miss Pross, it provides a purpose in life. For others such as Dr. Manette, Lucie and Darnay, duty is what they feel is the right thing to do. Overall, Dickens shows us that duty and loyalty can make you a better person and that sometimes sacrifice is necessary to achieve happiness or to produce something good.

Siege of Boston in the American Revolution

Siege of Boston in the American Revolution The Siege of Boston occurred during the American Revolution and began April 19, 1775 and lasted until March 17, 1776. Commencing after the opening battles at  Lexington Concord,  the Siege of Boston saw the growing American army block the land approaches to Boston. During the course of the siege, the two sides clashed at the bloody Battle of Bunker Hill in June 1775. The stalemate around the city also saw the arrival of two commanders who would play a central role in the conflict over the next three years:  General George Washington  and  Major General William Howe. As the fall and winter progressed, neither side proved able to gain an advantage. This changed in early 1776 when artillery captured at Fort Ticonderoga arrived in the American lines. Mounted on Dorchester Heights, the guns compelled Howe to abandon the city. Background In the wake of the Battles of Lexington Concord on April 19, 1775, American colonial forces continued to attack British troops as they attempted to withdraw back to Boston. Though aided by reinforcements led by Brigadier General Hugh Percy, the column continued to take casualties with particularly intense fighting occurring around Menotomy and Cambridge.  Finally reaching the safety of Charlestown late in the afternoon, the British were able to gain a respite. While the British consolidated their position and recovered from the days fighting, militia units from across New England began arriving on the outskirts of Boston. Armies Commanders Americans General George WashingtonMajor General Artemas Wardup to 16,000 men British Lieutenant General Thomas GageMajor General William Howeup to 11,000 men Under Siege By morning, around 15,000 American militiamen were in place outside of the city. Initially guided by Brigadier General William Heath of the Massachusetts militia, he passed command to General Artemas Ward late on the 20th. As the American army was effectively a collection of militias, Wards control was nominal, but he succeeded in establishing a loose siege line running from Chelsea around the city to Roxbury. Emphasis was placed on blocking Boston and Charlestown Necks. Across the lines, the British commander, Lieutenant General Thomas Gage, elected not impose martial law and instead worked with the citys leaders to have private weapons surrendered in exchange for allowing those residents who desired to leave Boston to depart. The Noose Tightens Over the next several days, Wards forces were augmented by new arrivals from Connecticut, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire. With these troops came permission from the provisional governments of New Hampshire and Connecticut for Ward to assume command over their men. In Boston, Gage was surprised by the size and perseverance of the American forces and stated, In all their wars against the French they never showed such conduct, attention, and perseverance as they do now. In response, he began fortifying parts of the city against attack. Consolidating his forces in the city proper, Gage withdrew his men from Charlestown and erected defenses across Boston Neck. Traffic in and out of the city was briefly restricted before both sides came to an informal agreement allowing civilians to pass as long as they were unarmed. Though deprived of access to the surrounding countryside, the harbor remained open and ships of the Royal Navy, under Vice Admiral Samuel Graves, were able to supply the city. Though Graves efforts were effective, attacks by American privateers led prices for food and other necessities to rise dramatically. Lacking artillery to break the stalemate, the Massachusetts Provincial Congress dispatched Colonel Benedict Arnold to seize the guns at Fort Ticonderoga. Joining with Colonel Ethan Allens Green Mountain Boys, Arnold captured the fort on May 10. Later that month and into early June, American and British forces skirmished as Gages men attempted to capture hay and livestock from the outer islands of Boston Harbor (Map). Battle of Bunker Hill On May 25, HMS Cerberus arrived at Boston carrying Major Generals William Howe, Henry Clinton, and John Burgoyne. As the garrison had been reinforced to around 6,000 men, the new arrivals advocated for breaking out of the city and seizing Bunker Hill, above Charlestown, and Dorchester Heights south of the city. The British commanders intended to implement their plan on June 18. Learning of the British plans on June 15, the Americans quickly moved to occupy both locations. To the north, Colonel William Prescott and 1,200 men marched onto the Charlestown Peninsula on the evening of June 16.  After some debate among his subordinates, Prescott directed that a redoubt be constructed on Breeds Hill rather than Bunker Hill as originally intended. Work commenced and continued through the night with Prescott also ordering a breastwork to be built extending down the hill to the northeast. Spotting the Americans works the next morning, British warships opened fire with little effect. In Boston, Gage met with his commanders to discuss options. After taking six hours to organize an assault force, Howe led British forces over to Charlestown and attacked on the afternoon of June 17. Repelling two large British assaults, Prescotts men stood firm and were only forced to retreat when they ran out of ammunition. In the fighting, Howes troops suffered over 1,000 casualties while the Americans sustained around 450. The high cost of victory at the Battle of Bunker Hill would influence British command decisions for the remainder of the campaign. Having taken the heights, the British began work to fortify Charlestown Neck to prevent another American incursion. Building an Army While events were unfolding in Boston, the Continental Congress in Philadelphia created the Continental Army on June 14 and appointed George Washington as commander-in-chief the following day. Riding north to take command, Washington arrived outside Boston on July 3. Establishing his headquarters in Cambridge, he began molding the masses of colonial troops into an army. Creating badges of rank and uniform codes, Washington also began creating a logistical network to support his men. In an attempt to bring structure to the army, he divided it into three wings each led by a major general. The left wing, led by Major General Charles Lee was tasked with guarding the exits from Charlestown, while Major General Israel Putnams center wing was established near Cambridge. The right wing at Roxbury, led by Major General Artemas Ward, was the largest and was to cover Boston Neck as well as Dorchester Heights to the east. Through the summer, Washington worked to expand and reinforce the American lines. He was supported by the arrival of riflemen from Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia. Possessing accurate, long range weapons, these sharpshooters were employed in harassing the British lines. Next Steps On the night of August 30, British forces launched a raid against Roxbury, while American troops successfully destroyed the lighthouse on Lighthouse Island. Learning in September that the British did not intend to attack until reinforced, Washington dispatched 1,100 men under Arnold to conduct an invasion of Canada. He also began planning for an amphibious assault against the city as he feared his army would break up with the arrival of winter. After discussions with his senior commanders, Washington agreed to postpone the attack. As the stalemate pressed on, the British continued local raiding for food and stores. In November, Washington was presented a plan by Henry Knox for transporting Ticonderogas guns to Boston. Impressed, he appointed Knox a colonel and sent him to the fort. On November 29, an armed American ship succeeded in capturing the British brigantine Nancy outside of Boston Harbor. Loaded with munitions, it provided Washington with much needed gunpowder and arms. In Boston, the situation for the British changed in October when Gage was relieved in favor of Howe. Though reinforced to around 11,000 men, he was chronically short on supplies. The Siege Ends As winter set in, Washingtons fears began to come true as his army was reduced to around 9,000 through desertions and expiring enlistments. His situation improved on January 26, 1776 when Knox arrived in Cambridge with 59 guns from Ticonderoga. Approaching his commanders in February, Washington proposed an attack on the city by moving over the frozen Back Bay, but was instead convinced to wait. Instead, he formulated a plan to drive the British from the city by emplacing guns on Dorchester Heights. Assigning several of Knoxs guns to Cambridge and Roxbury, Washington began a diversionary bombardment of the British lines on the night of March 2. On the night of March 4/5, American troops moved guns to Dorchester Heights from which they could strike the city and the British ships in the harbor. Seeing the American fortifications on the heights in the morning, Howe initially made plans for assaulting the position. This was prevented by a snowstorm late in the day. Unable to attack, Howe reconsidered his plan and elected to withdraw rather than have a repeat of Bunker Hill. The British Depart On March 8, Washington received word that the British intended to evacuate and would not burn the city if allowed to leave unmolested. Though he did not formally respond, Washington agreed to the terms and British began embarking along with numerous Boston Loyalists. On March 17, the British departed for Halifax, Nova Scotia and American forces entered the city. Having been taken after an eleven-month siege, Boston remained in American hands for the remainder of the war.

Revolution in russia 1917 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Revolution in russia 1917 - Essay Example Moreover, as per the historical perspective, the act of revolution is regarded as a movement that is often highly violent undertaken to overthrow or make significant changes in the old regime and completely change the fundamental scenario of society for betterment. In the 18th century, the French Revolution evidently refashioned the entire society with the aim to make people believe that transformation can be achievable through rebel and violence. Likewise, a significant example of revolution of the 20th century was the Russian Revolution of 1917, which was led by Vladimir Lenin (Neitzel 1-2). Correspondingly, the paper intends to highlight the aspects of Russian revolution 1917 and its changing dimensions. Besides, in this regard, the paper explores the key reasons behind the introduction of revolution in the Russian economy. The paper will also demonstrate the relationship between government and the inhabitants during the revolution. The paper will also recognize the key aspects in terms of the impact of the revolution over the Russian economy through identifying the series of activities involved. In this respect, the essay will also explore the prior cause of Russian revolution. Since, 1533 Russia was under the governance of tsars, who were regarded as second largest in terms of their courage and power in the global scenario. In the 19th century and the early 20th century, students, workers, members and peasants introduced movements to overthrow the government. Moreover, the 1825 revolt against Nicolas I as well as the 1905 revolution was the two unsuccessful movements that aimed at establishing constitutional monarchy in the nation (Stobaugh 222-223). Moreover, the main reasons of the dilemma in the government regime stemmed from incompatible transformation of the nation into a modern economy. On the other hand, industrial society was in the autocratic mode before the revolution. Besides, the fall of Russian

MARKET ANALYSIS AND REPORT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

MARKET ANALYSIS AND REPORT - Essay Example The following factors help in obtaining the reason behind different arithmetic means exhibited by the given institutions: An appropriate investment decision will entail the consideration of the prevailing political and legal changes. These changes, including tax changes, have direct influence on the decision made by an investor in the industry. The changes either can be against or in favor of profitability witnessed depending on the strategies taken by the industry to reduce the influence. For instance, reduction of tax in a certain industry will attract investor. Tax decrease normally associates to high profitability in that given industry consequently attracting more investors. Before making investment decision, investors always consider the historical performance of the company in the market. The historical performance gives appropriate information for determining the probability of a company to achieve profitability in its operation. Since profit acts as the main objective any investor, their decision will depend on the profitability in the recent years. The ability of a company to sustain the interest of the investors for a long time will depend on the associate expected future trends. In future, a company may decide to adopt mergers, acquisition or dividend declaration leading to the change in the image it upholds to the investors. Declaration of dividend by a company accentuates the certainty of the company to increase the share dividend to the investors. Further, action by a company to merge will also insinuate profitability to the investors. Acquiring part of a company also increases the share dividend that a company gives to its investors. The occurrence of these three changes shows that expected future events may affect the investor’s decisions. These factors, as indicated, influence the choice made by the investors making them be of significance to the manager when making

Role of the Public Relations Professional Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Role of the Public Relations Professional - Essay Example public relations department help increase the customer base of a company and it helps build a better corporate image which indirectly helps the marketing department. This paper discusses public relations and its impact in the corporate world. Public relations activities can either be perform in-house or by an external public relations agency. There are many successful businesses out there in the global economy. These companies may be good at their expertise, but most of them do not have the functional business knowledge to perform an adequate job with specific business functions such as public relations. Due to this business reality public relation agency such as 5W Public Relations exist. 5W is one of the 25 largest public relations agencies in the United States whose goal is to successful deliver their client’s messages to the target audiences (5wpr, 2009). Some of the corporate clients that enjoy the services of 5W are rapper Ice Cube, Barnes & Noble, Harrahs, Nice, Phillips Van Hausen Corporation, and McDonalds. Many of these corporate clients choose to outsource their public relations activities to public relations a public relation agency such as 5W because it more cost effective to contract them than to perform these types of activities themselves. For example in order to be successful with media relation you have good contacts with news and media channels to get media players to participate in your media initiatives. It is much easier for public relation agency to deal with the networking, than for a sole corporation or specific client to do it themselves. Public relations can have a high level of importance for corporation when they get into trouble due to bad corporate action that hurt the brand image of a firm. An example of a company that needed major help from its public relations activities after mishandling its international activities was Nike Corporation. In the late 1990’s Nike got involved in manufacturing activities in developing nation

The Impact of Digital TV on audiences and TV companies Essay Example for Free

The Impact of Digital TV on audiences and TV companies Essay Fifty years ago, TV was the new thing that would enhance our lives. Even up to this day, we still captivate ourselves to this evolving culture which has had such an impact to us. Just imagine if one of the worlds greatest events would not have been shown in TV (imagine people across America not watching the twin towers fall-what impact would it have on other people?). But these recent times, the advent of Digital Television is another step towards the progression of television itself. It opens a whole window of possibilities- more channels, more choices, better interactivity. Even the television companies itself will be given a new challenge by introducing this new technology to its current and future customers. It is up to them however to find the gap in the market to gain full advantage of Digital TV. When there is progression, so will be regression. Digital TV will not just catch on and be the next best thing instantly. There will be some people who will oppose to the idea and the companies will try and fight over viewing rights of channels. A recent Ofcom report said more than 60% of UK households now receive digital TV. With a digital switchover planned to take place from 2008-2012, should the government say yay or nay? Let us imagine ourselves when the digital switchover has taken place. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each? First off, let us discuss the advantages of digital TV. It has a great appeal to the majority of people. Even though the cost of gaining access to one is still expensive experts say that the price of present digital subscriptions and hardware will drop dramatically after a few years. However, the cheapest free view set-top-box presently is as low as à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½25.00. Another advantage is that digital TV could allow the audience to pause record their programmes without the use of tapes. It is also said to be quicker and simpler process than the old VCR. In line with digital TV, the actual television set is changing. There are now ones that are called HDTV (high definition TV). This technology coupled with digital TV provides us with high quality video and sound that is dramatically noticeable. In more simple terms, pictures and sound will have more consistency and less interference. Digital TV has also embraced the convergence of interactivity. Extra information and interactive features now accompany most programmes. Compared to analogue TVs teletext, digital TVs interactivity takes it to a new level. It is more user-friendly and makes the viewer more involved. There is even an electronic programme guide which gives you far more information about programmes content. This hands-on approach is what makes digital TV unique. Of course, these advantages over the audiences equate to the benefits that companies and the government get. At the moment, there are 3 main ways to go digital: Satellite (SKY, Canal +, RAI, etc.), Cable (NTL and Telewest) and Freeview. At the moment, Satellite access is ahead in terms of market share with 7.1 million subscribers (Sky subscribers), followed by 3.9 million homes supplied by freeview and 2.5 million subscribers get their digital TV through cable. These statistics suggest that competition is fierce at the moment. It said up to 1.5 million boxes had been sold in the lead-up to Christmas, with 190,000 sold in each of the two weeks before the holidays. There might be fierce competition, but this is deemed to be a healthy competition. There will be a time when existing sales are starting to tail off. The introduction of the switch off will be a seizing opportunity for them to increase their sales. These opportunities are enhanced services-which adds value to a subscription (or in the case of freeviews, a sharp increase in set-top boxes and HDTVs-which is already happening). Recently, Sky has recently offered a new free satellite service called Sky FreeSat. It allows access to 140 non-subscription channels for a one-off fee. Even the likes of BBC and ITV are to launch a free-to-view satellite TV service to cater for viewers unable to receive Freeview digital coverage-and to rival the monopoly that Sky has. Also, in line with the HDTV technology, the BBC aims to produce 100% HD programmes by 2010. The government will also have some advantages over the switch off. When all the analogue signals have been switched off, those signals could be sold to telephone, communications or aerospace companies to make use of the cleaned up space. The countrys image is also on the line. It essentially propels the country into the digital age in order to gain a more competitive advantage. Furthermore, there are more opportunities for a better efficiency of the operation of government services reducing costs and keeping down taxes. I have used the word majority because there are people who are not in full favour of digital TV. There are also drawbacks for the companies and the government. Digital is an all or nothing technology. The pictures are either crystal clear or absent. In heavy rain or snow an analogue signal might give a grainy but watchable picture. Digital signals are more robust and will tolerate a high level of interference but, when conditions become too bad, both the picture and the sound will vanish. In addition, because all the work is done by an internal computer, it sometimes makes mistakes and the picture can disappear in a maze of coloured squares or simply freeze on the screen. However, this trade off between pictures which might always be grainy and crystal-clear pictures which occasionally disappear will be preferable to most people. Digital provides just one channel from the set top box at a time (the same as existing satellite TV receivers). You cant watch one digital channel and record another unless you: 1. Have more than one set top box 2. Keep your existing analogue satellite receiver 3. Continue to use analogue terrestrial TV (as long as the transmissions last about 5 10 years is anticipated) In a survey, when asked to identify the disadvantages of digital television, a third (32%) state that it is too expensive, 9% that you have to pay for a subscription, and 8% that there are too many channels and choice. Also, the 40% who do not have digital television yet will discover that the present cost of service is not attainable in their opinion. Of course, without the funding that the BBC get from the TV license lowered, they would obviously look to increase the cost threefold. The increase in the number of channels isnt without disadvantages. For viewers, the absence of original programming can lead to a feeling of nothing being on across hundreds of channels. Event programmes are also under threat; virtually gone are the days when 30 million people tuned into the same programme. For channel owners selling advertising time is increasingly difficult. Niche broadcasters may be advantageous in terms of reaching a specific target audience but many have official audience shares of 0%. There was even a study made by Dr Jeremy Klein claiming that Millions of people are not using digital TV because they find it too confusing. He says that Elderly and short-sighted people find it laborious and demanding changing channels. It is said that two million people are affected by this problem. As a result, the elderly and people with low-income will be put off with this news. They feel that it will be better to stick with the old and what they are used to. Companies are also having trouble with the changes.

How John Keats used Symbolism in his Ode to a Grecian Urn Essay

How John Keats used Symbolism in his â€Å"Ode to a Grecian Urn†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John Keats was born in 1795 in Moorfields, England. He was the son of a stableman who married the owner’s daughter and eventually inherited the stable for himself. He was fourteen when his mother died of tuberculosis. Having been apprenticed to an apothecary at the age of fifteen, John felt the need to leave medical field to focus primarily poetry. Keats’s imagery ranges from all of our physical sensations: sight, touch, sound, taste, and sexuality. Keats is one of the most famous for his Odes. Traditionally, the ode is lengthy, serious in subject, elevated in its diction and style, and often elaborate in its stanza structure. â€Å"Symbolism seems the obvious term for the dominant style which followed nineteenth-century realism† (Wellek 251). According to an article found in Jstor journal, written by Vyacgeslav Ivanov, titled, Symbolism, â€Å"symbols are far from being an invention and convention of mankind, constitute in the universe, all pulsating with life, a primordial imprint in the very substance of things and, and it were, an occult language by means of which is achieved a preordained communion of innumerable kindred spirits, no matter how these spirits may differ in their individual modes of existence or whether they belong to different orders of creation† (Ivanov 29). Keats uses symbolism in â€Å"Ode to a Grecian Urn† to illustrate his love for ancient Greece.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Ode to a Grecian Urn’ was written by John Keats at some unknown date. â€Å"The Urn, as Keats described it, was a classical vase, decorated with a frieze of engraved figures in scenes from pastoral life. In reality it was more than any particular vase which he had seen on his museum excursions with Haydon or Severn. The Grecian Urn represented poetic vision, the timeless, enchanted world into which the artist’s imagination alone can enter,† as stated in Robert Gittings and Jo Manton’s book titled The Story of John Keats (Gittings and Manton, pg. 148). In this poem Keats wants to create a world of pure joy, but the world is of make believed of people living in a moment in time. In an article titled, â€Å"Thought is sacrificed to sensation in the poetry of John Keats,† author Iain Morrison states that â€Å"Existing in a frozen or suspended time, they cannot move or cha... ... to know.† The beauty lies in the urn. â€Å"What the imagination seizes as beauty must be truth,† as stated by Catherine Owens Peare, author of a book titled John Keats a Portrait in Words. â€Å"John Keats’s â€Å"Ode on a Grecian Urn† was both inevitable and incredible. It was inevitable that he should by now have struggled free of the sonnet with its fourteen-line prejudice to create this ten-line stanza and its two pairs of lines and two sets of triple rhymes, inevitable that in developing his own style he should have resolved his philosophic search at this his period of most superb creativity† (Peare, pg. 174). Douglas Wilson’s article in Jstor titled â€Å"Reading the Urn: Death in Keats’s Arcadia,† â€Å"Like Blake’s â€Å"Mental Traveler† and so many other Romantic poems, â€Å"Ode on a Grecian Urn† invites the reader into a landscape of consciousness. As S.T. Coleridge puts it, the primary function of the poetic work, like the visual language of painting, is â€Å"to instill energy into the mind, which compels the imagination to complete the picture. The ode’s speaker responding to an imaginary urn conjures up, as part of a mental dram, the underside of a vanished culture that created such urns† (Wilson 823).

An unsuccessful learning experience

My unsuccessful learning experience was when I was 16 and starting my Maths A level. We had 2 teachers who split the course material between them, one taking pure maths and the other applied maths. The teacher in charge of the pure maths, which had enjoyed up to A level and received an A for (in the days before A* existed, so top marks in other words), was a young man who had just qualified from his PGCE and came to teach us A level maths.The main problem wasn't the teacher's age, I'm sure plenty of young teachers are very capable, the issue was more that he didn't have the self confidence to stand up to the more lively characters in the class. He didn't know how to respond when a pupil would try and disrupt the class by talking about something irrelevant, like last nights television, therefore that pupil would carry on talking and valuable lesson time would be wasted. Even when he did ask people to be quiet a fair amount of disruption had already been made.The other issue was that h e didn't know his subject, in this case pure maths, well enough. I remember clearly one day the entire class followed him working out a complicated equation, writing down his calculations as we went along. After using up two blackboards worth of calculations he came to his answer, only for one of the pupils to check the answers in the back of out text book and announce it was the wrong answer. By then he had erased half of his calculation and he couldn't go back to see where he had made a mistake.It wasn't the only time his calculations were wrong or he was unsure of his subject, which made the pupils very nervous. The short term result was that my class was time-tabled extra maths lessons to try to cover for this teacher's lack of covering his subject, with the other maths teacher working longer lesson hours to try to get us through the exam. The longer term result was that the Pure maths results for that year were far lower than expected and the teacher was moved down to teaching 11-12 year olds maths.

Fraud Case

THE NATION’S NEWSPAPER BS2003-01b Collegiate Case Study Adelphia founder, 2 sons, 2 others arrested in fraud By David Lieberman and Greg Farrell www. usatodaycollege. com Accounting fraud Part II: The results â€Å"Creative accounting† is not a new technique, but it can certainly be a costly one. Businesses feel the pressure to appear profitable in order to attract investors and resources, but deceptive or fraudulent accounting practices often lead to drastic consequences. Are these so-called creative practices always illegal or can they ever be justified? This case study will present examples of companies who have used inappropriate accounting practices, the results of their deceptions and the government's plan to avoid future incidents. WorldCom scandal brings subpoenas, condmnation By Andrew Backover and Thor Vladmanis Andersen’s partners chart firm’s future today By Greg Farrell Client-starved Arthur Andersen cuts 7,000 jobs By Greg Farrell Dominoes hit WorldCom partners, clients By Michelle Kessler Adelphia plans to file Chapter 11 Cable firm expected to seek bankruptcy protection today NEW YORK — The waiting should be over today. Adelphia Communications plans to file for bankruptcy protection, nearly three months after the onceproud No. 6 cable operator first disclosed dealings with the family of founder John Rigas that turned it into a symbol of corporate scandal. The company is expected to announce that it has raised as much as $1. 5 billion from banks led by J. P. Morgan Chase and Citigroup to keep operating while a bankruptcy judge decides how creditors will be paid. A Chapter 11 filing — the biggest in cable history — could help efforts to find a buyer for some, or all, of Adelphia's systems, which serve 5. 7 million subscribers. The court can protect an acquirer from unexpected liabilities, including those stemming from several shareholder lawsuits and investigations into Adelphia's finances by two grand juries and the Securities and Exchange Commission. The company could pay off its estimated $19 billion in debt if it can sell systems for $3,500 per subscriber, roughly the industr y norm. But stockholders could lose their entire investments. Adelphia shares closed Friday at 15 cents in over-the-counter trading. Case Study Expert: John D. Martin, Ph. D. Professor of Finance, Baylor University USA TODAY Snapshots ® Politicians role in monitoring business Opinion leaders1 say government should be more involved in oversight and regulation of private enterprise2: 52% 45% Agree Disagree Source: Edelman Public Relations Worldwide/ StrategyOne Research survey of 400 respondents. 1 – College educated 35- to 64-year-olds with household incomes of more than $100,000 2 – Does not add up to 100% due to rounding By Darryl Haralson Marcy E. E. Mullins, USA TODAY By Darryl Haralson andand Marcy Mullins, USA TODAY Reprinted with permission. All rights reser ved. AS SEEN IN USA TODAY MONEY SECTION, MONDAY, JUNE 24, 2002 And a sale may devastate Coudersport, Pa. , where Adelphia is headquartered. It's by far the largest employer in the rural, mountain town of 3,000. Meanwhile, Adelphia will tr y to reassure its subscribers. â€Å"Adelphia is committed to reversing its admittedly difficult present financial situation,† it wrote last week to 3,500 franchise officials. â€Å"Most importantly, there should be no change in service to Adelphia customers as a result of these developments. † Adelphia's downfall began on March 27, when it disclosed that a Rigas family partnership had borrowed $2. billion using company assets as collateral. The amount has since been raised to $3. 1 billion. That stunned analysts, who believed that the operator was already too deeply in debt. Barraged with questions, Adelphia put off release of its 2001 annual report. More questions were raised when it was confirmed that the SEC was investigating. As the stock plummeted, Nasdaq weighed delisting Adelphia shares. T hat took effect on June 3. After acknowledging that it would have to restate its earnings, Adelphia put several cable systems on the block. The company defaulted on bank loans and failed to make interest payments on bonds. And Rigas and sons Timothy, Michael and James were forced to relinquish their jobs and board seats. Then new interim CEO Erland Kailbourne stunned company watchers by disclosing a series of cases where the Rigas family allegedly used Adelphia for private gain. Among other things, the company paid for their apartments in New York, built a golf course on Rigas-owned land, helped the purchase of the Buffalo Sabres hockey team, created a Rigas-run investment firm and subsidized a documentary film. Cover story Adelphia founder, 2 sons, 2 others arrested in fraud Investigators say company was ‘personal piggy bank' By David Lieberman and Greg Farrell USA TODAY NEW YORK — For 50 years, John Rigas lived the American Dream. Half a century ago, the son of Greek immigrants left a job making TV picture tubes at Sylvania. The World War II veteran bought a small movie house and a newfangled business — a cable TV company — in the remote town of Coudersport, Pa. , and was on his way to making a fortune. But his oversized ambitions led him this week into an American Nightmare. Wednesday, Manhattan U. S. Attorney James Comey accused 77-year-old Rigas and two sons — Timothy and Michael — with â€Å"one of the largest and most egregious frauds ever perpetrated on investors and creditors. † Rigas attorneys were unavailable for comment. With TV cameras capturing the humiliating moment, the founder of Adelphia Communications, the No. 6 U. S. cable company, was led away in handcuffs here. He became the first CEO arrested in the latest wave of corporate accounting scandals and the most vivid symbol of whitecollar crime since Michael Milken and Ivan Boesky in the 1980s. Two other former Adelphia executives, James Brown and Michael Mulcahey, were picked up in Coudersport. Later in the day, Adelphia itself — which filed for bankruptcy-court protection last month — charged Rigas and his family with violating the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) Act, in a filing in Federal Reprinted with permission. All rights reser ved. Page 2 AS SEEN IN USA TODAY MONEY SECTION, THURSDAY, JULY 25, 2002 Bankruptcy Court in New York. The Rigases could be forced to pay three times any damages the court finds. The lawsuit alleges about $1 billion in damages. Behind their â€Å"small-town facade,† the Adelphia lawsuit says, the Rigases â€Å"used their domination and control of Adelphia, and their isolation from the scrutiny of the outside world, to engage in one of the largest schemes of selfdealing and financial wrongdoing in American corporate history. † The Justice Department and the U. S. Postal Inspection Service charged the five executives with securities, wire and bank fraud, saying they â€Å"looted Adelphia on a massive scale† and used it as a â€Å"personal piggy bank. Rigas private funds sloshed with Adelphia's in the same cashmanagement system. A U. S. judge set bail for the Rigases at $10 million apiece, secured by cash and property. Allegations against the Rigases range from big schemes to hide financial problems at the cable company to relatively small-scale thievery. For example, Timothy was accused of using a company jet for an African safari vacation in 2000. Adelphia's lawsuit adds that John's daughter, Ellen, used company planes to bring guests to her wedding to Peter Venetis, who became an Adelphia board member. The couple's cozy position enabled them to save $150,000 since 1998: They lived rent-free in two Adelphia-owned apartments on Manhattan's swank Upper East Side, the lawsuit says. In less than four years, the Rigases â€Å"stole hundreds of millions of dollars, and through their fraud (and) caused losses to investors of more than $60 billion,† Deputy Attorney General Larry Thompson says. The defendants could face jail time in the criminal case. By filing a complaint instead of a full-fledged indictment, the grand juries weighing evidence in the case can remain empaneled to approve charges against others. They have 10 days to indict those arrested, and 20 days to charge others. Also Wednesday, the Securities and Exchange Commission filed a civil lawsuit in U. S. District Court that's similar to the criminal complaint, and includes a third Rigas son, James. The SEC would bar the defendants from serving any publicly owned company. It also wants them and Adelphia to pay restitution and fines. Adelphia said in a statement that the claim against it would â€Å"only have the effect of further penalizing the company's stakeholders who were the victims of the Rigas' improper conduct. The Adelphia cases are low-hanging fruit for prosecutors eager to show that they're getting tough on white-collar criminals. â€Å"This is an old fashioned hand-in-the-till case that's easier to prosecute than an esoteric fraud like Enron,† says Jack Coffee, who teaches securities law at Columbia University. â€Å"To prosecute Enron, you're going to have to teach the jury an intermediate college course i n accounting. † Jacob Frenkel of Smith Gambrell and Russell agrees. â€Å"This could be sexiest of all the cases,† he says. â€Å"Here, you're talking about corporate looting. Every guilty disposition arising out of this indictment should become a show-andtell in all business schools as the antithesis of public company management and stewardship. † Talking tough, getting tough The arrests came as House and Senate negotiators agreed on tough measures, including jail time, for executives convicted of fraud. And Wall Street was impressed after weeks of growing fearfulness about a possible tsunami of corporate scandals. The Dow Jones industrial average soared 489 points Wednesday. That's the second biggest one-day point gain ever. That contrasts with the 179-point drop on July 9, when President Bush called for a new era of corporate responsibility. The arrests aren't â€Å"about Democrats and Republicans,† says Lynn Turner, former chief accountant of the SEC under President Clinton. â€Å"This is about investors, and they like what they're seeing now. † Even people who aren't obsessed with stocks seem to like the idea of big shots getting a comeuppance. â€Å"We are angry, and we have every right to be angry,† says futurist and consumer expert Marian Salzman of Euro RSCG Worldwide. There's a feeling that we need to kick out the evil-doers in the industry. † But some might recoil at the image of a dignified old man being led before the cameras in handcuffs. â€Å"They're actually going to look sympathetic,† says Robin Cohn, author of The PR Crisis Bible. â€Å"Why would you Reprinted with permission. All rights reser ved. Page 3 AS SEEN IN USA TODAY MONEY SECTION, THURSDAY, JU LY 25, 2002 handcuff an old man? He's not a murderer and a rapist. That's not to say they aren't crooks. But I think the public would rather see somebody they know in handcuffs — like (former Enron CEO) Ken Lay. And the incident could make the government look somewhat silly, she says. â€Å"I can't imagine Saturday Night Live not doing anything with this. † Corporate crime is in the spotlight these days. Last month, federal prosecutors arrested former ImClone CEO Sam Waksal on charges of illegal trading on inside information and obstruction of justice. Their investigation has expanded to include friends and family of Waksal, who also might have illegally traded on inside information about ImClone last December. Investigators are trying to determine whether any inside information was passed to Waksal's friend Martha Stewart, who sold her ImClone stock just before a Food and Drug Administration announcement, denying an application to market a cancer-fighting drug, drove the stock price down. In coming months, the Justice Department is expected to charge top executives of Enron and WorldCom with fraud. The department's Enron Task Force won one court battle last month when a Houston jury found auditor Arthur Andersen criminally guilty of obstruction of justice. It appears, though, that officials wanted to start off with a bang as they arrested the Rigases. â€Å"What's unusual here is the level of detail included in the criminal complaint, and the number of defendants arrested simultaneously,† says former prosecutor Robert Mintz, now at McCarter & English. â€Å"Usually, the government builds a case slowly, with eventual defections among defendants. Here, it has leveled a wide range of allegations against upper management. That suggests that the government believes it has strong case and that they expect a rush to the prosecutor's door by defendants who will vie to strike deals. The cases build on information that began to come out in late March. Adelphia disclosed then that the Rigases had used assets of the already debt-heavy company to secure loans to private, family-run partnerships. That borrowing is now put at $3. 1 billion. Independent directors forced the Rigases out of their executive positions and board seats, installing f ormer banker Erland Kailbourne as interim CEO. When they investigated the company's condition, they found and disclosed case after case in which the Rigases made no distinction between their personal funds and businesses and Adelphia's. Bad news gets worse But Adelphia was already in a tailspin. Investors lost confidence. Auditors refused to certify the company's financial reports. And lenders cut it off, leading the company to miss interest and dividend payments. Among the charges leading to the Rigases' arrest: u That the family began using Adelphia as collateral for private loans in 1996, even though the company â€Å"was one of the largest junk bond issuers in the United States. † Investors weren't told. u That the Rigases secretly inflated Adelphia's cable TV subscription numbers to make investors think it was still growing at a healthy pace. In 2000 they began to count subscribers from systems in Brazil and Venezuela, where Adelphia owns a minority stake. In 2001, Adelphia began adding customers who just ordered high-speed Internet services from the Rigases' non-Adelphia systems. And earlier this year, they folded in people who ordered home security services from Adelphia. u That they used accounting legerdemain to disguise Adelphia's actual expenses for digital decoder boxes. In 2001 the company claimed that it sold 525,000 boxes for $101 million to an unaudited Rigas-owned company that has no cable systems. That, starting in 2000, Adelphia spent $13 million to build a golf club on land mostly owned by John Rigas. u That in 1999, they told analysts that Adelphia could provide two-way communications to 50% of its customers. The real number was 35%. u And that the Rigases took more than $252 million from Adelphia to pay for margin calls on their purchases as the company's stock price fell. Contributing: Michael McCarthy R eprinted with permission. All rights reser ved. Page 4 AS SEEN IN USA TODAY NEWS SECTION, FRIDAY, JUNE 28, 2002 WorldCom scandal brings subpoenas, condemnation Accounting rumors rattle Wall Street By Andrew Backover and Thor Valdmanis USA TODAY The accounting scandal that enveloped WorldCom reverberated through Wall Street and Washington on Thursday. u Congress subpoenaed top WorldCom executives. u President Bush and Treasury Secretary Paul O'Neill separately railed at corporate wrongdoers. u Unfounded rumors of accounting problems hit stocks of other companies. WorldCom on Tuesday revealed what could be one of the biggest accounting frauds ever. Company officials said $3. billion in expenses had been hidden in financial statements, inflating profits in 2001 and the first quarter of 2002. The Securities and Exchange Commission has since charged WorldCom with fraud. Bush, at an economic summit in Canada, said he is concerned about the economic impact from â€Å"some corporate leaders who have not upheld their responsibility. † O'Neill, a former chief executive of Alcoa, said in an interv iew on ABC's Good Morning America that the people responsible should be prosecuted to the full extent of the law. WorldCom has raised fears and rumors about more business accounting scandals. Trading was halted for General Motors stock Thursday afternoon because of rumors of accounting irregularities. GM said they were untrue. Broadcast giant Clear Channel Communications denied it is under an SEC investigation, yet its stock fell almost 13%. The House Financial Services Committee set a July 8 hearing into the WorldCom case. Subpoenas went to: u Current WorldCom CEO John Sidgmore. u Former chief financial officer Scott Sullivan, who was fired this week. * Former WorldCom chief executive Bernie Ebbers, who was ousted in April and who owes WorldCom $408 million for personal loans. Salomon Smith Barney telecom analyst Jack Grubman. Once one of WorldCom's most bullish supporters on Wall Street, he has been criticized for possible conflicts of interest. His firm collected millions of dollars in fees as a WorldCom financial adviser. WorldCom spokesman Brad Burns declined comment on whether Sidgmore would invoke his Fifth Amendment right not to testify. Ebbers and Sullivan couldn 't be reached. Salomon says Grubman â€Å"will fully cooperate. † And there could be more investigations. The House Energy and Commerce Committee told WorldCom to turn over financial records by July 11. WorldCom, strained by $30 billion in debt, will cut 17,000 jobs, or 21% of its workers, starting today. Workers will get severance pay, Burns says. Reprinted with permission. All rights reser ved. Page 5 AS SEEN IN USA TODAY MONEY SECTION, THURSDAY, MARCH 28, 2002 Andersen's partners chart firm's future today By Greg Farrell USA TODAY NEW YORK — Arthur Andersen's U. S. partners will huddle in a nationwide teleconference today to determine the firm's immediate future. At issue: who should lead the firm's U. S. operations on an interim basis, and what steps Andersen should take to remain in business. According to senior partners briefed on the meeting's agenda, Andersen's 1,700 U. S. par tners will decide whether to ask Paul Volcker to assume control of Andersen's domestic operations. In February, Andersen CEO Joseph Berardino asked the former Federal Reserve chairman to head an oversight board dedicated to fixing the firm. A month later, a federal grand jur y indicted Andersen on a charge of obstruction of justice for its role in shredding Enron documents last October. Friday, in a last-ditch effort to stanch client depar tures and restore confidence in Andersen, Volcker offered to lead Andersen if its top par tners asked him. On Tuesday, Berardino resigned. Managing partner C. E. Andrews will meet with Volcker today to discuss his takeover plan. While many obser vers think Volcker's arrival could persuade the J ustice Depar tment to drop the indictment, some Andersen partners are wary of being the subject of an idealistic experiment in transforming the accounting industry. The partners will also discuss, and probably adopt, a â€Å"Renaissance† program aimed at returning Andersen to its roots as a highly regarded auditing firm. This proposal, supported by Andrews, has gained support among older partners who want to stay and rebuild the firm. In other developments: u At federal cour t in Houston, Contributing: Thor Valdmanis J ustice Depar tment lawyers will respond to Andersen's motion to halt further grand jury testimony prior to a May 6 trial. If Judge Melinda Harmon sides with Andersen, it will make the government's obstruction of justice case against Andersen more difficult to win. u Andersen's top global partners will meet Tuesday in London to pick an interim CEO. Andersen's global operations continue to fragment. Its Japanese affiliate, Asahi & Co. , announced plans to merge this fall with rival KPMG. Andersen has also discussed selling affiliates to Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu. Wednesday night, Deloitte spokesman Matthew Batters suggested the firm was only interested in hiring individual Andersen partners and picking up clients leaving the firm. Reprinted with permission. All rights reser ved. Page 6 AS SEEN IN USA TODAY MONEY SECTION, TUESDAY, APRIL 9, 2002 Client-starved Arthur Andersen cuts 7,000 jobs Long expected, layoffs offer first tangible sign of firm's distress By Greg Farrell USA TODAY WorldCom has engaged in what could be one of the bArthur Andersen fired one partner in January for his role in shredding Enron documents. On Monday, the auditing firm announced it will lay off 7,000 of its 26,000 U. S. employees because of the consequences of that shredding. The job cuts at Andersen have been expected for weeks, ever since the Justice Department unsealed an indictment against the firm for its role in destroying its paperwork just as a Securities and Exchange Commission inquiry into Enron was about to begin. Since the indictment, unsealed on March 14, scores of clients have deserted Andersen. As Andersen partners leave the firm for opportunities at other Big Five rivals, more clients are expected to migrate. So far, Andersen has weathered the crisis without filing for bankruptcy protection. But the layoffs, announced Monday, are the first tangible sign of financial distress at the firm. Of the 7,000 employees being let go, the vast majority are auditing staffers and managers, as well as administrative personnel. A small number of Andersen's 1,700 U. S. partners are also being let go. According to managing partner Grover Wray, most partners are still needed to serve Andersen's remaining clients. Rather than hand out severance checks to laid-off employees, Wray says Andersen is implementing a program called â€Å"salary continuation. † nder this plan, laid-off workers will continue to be paid for a certain number of weeks, depending on how long they've been with the firm. During that period, these employees will keep their benefits and be free to use their office space to search for new jobs. We are trying to treat our people with a level of dignity,† Wray says. In addition to client defections, Andersen also faces major liabilities for the role it played in Enron's collapse into bankruptcy last fall. Plaintiffs lawyer Bill Lerach filed an expanded complaint Monday against Andersen and former Enron managers in federal court in Houston. But the expanded lawsuit, on behalf of a major Enron shareholder — the Unive rsity of California system — adds nine Wall Street investment banks and two law firms to the list of defendants. Representatives from the banks — JP Morgan Chase, Citigroup, CS First Boston, Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, Bank of America, Merrill Lynch, Deutsche Bank, Barclays and Lehman Bros. — either declined comment on Monday or denied the complaint's allegations of complicity in Enron's collapse. Notably, Lerach's complaint leaves out two key players in Enron's demise — Michael Kopper, who headed some of the special purpose entities that kept Enron liabilities off the company's balance sheet, and Ben Glisan, the former Enron treasurer accused of facilitating some of Enron's dubious accounting practices. Glisan is now believed to be cooperating with the Justice Department probe of Enron's activities. Lerach would not comment on whether the pair supplied his investigators with information. But Larry Finder, a former U. S. Attorney now in private practice in Houston, doubts either is helping Lerach. Finder says that if either of them is providing information, it would be to the Justice Department first, where they face criminal liability. And the Justice Department wouldn't necessarily welcome a decision by a witness to cooperate in civil litigation. Reprinted with permission. All rights reser ved. Page 7 AS SEEN IN USA TODAY MONEY SECTION, TUESDAY, JULY 9, 2002 Dominoes hit WorldCom partners, clients Unpleasant ripple effect also spreads to vendors, charities, sponsored events By Michelle Kessler USA TODAY The WB television network, PGA Tour and Texas Parks and Wildlife service aren't in telecom, but they've already been hurt by the WorldCom scandal. That's because they all did business with WorldCom, as did thousands of other companies. Now they're all trying to figure out where they stand with the struggling giant — and coming up with backup plans. This is not going to be pleasant for a lot of companies,† says Kerry Adler, CEO of WorldCom customer Webhelp. Among those affected: u V e n d o r s . WorldCom repor ted that its capital expenditures dropped 42% to about $1. 3 billion in the first quarter from a year ago, yet it remained a big customer for many telecom equipment makers. While it's unclear how accurate WorldCom's numbers are becaus e of the accounting scandal, what is clear is that its spending has slowed. The hardest hit is Juniper Networks, says Banc of America Securities analyst Christopher Crespi. WorldCom provided about 10% of Juniper's annual revenue, including â€Å"less than $7 million† this quarter, Juniper says. If WorldCom stops buying, that could dampen Juniper's forecast for the year. â€Å"It could easily subtract $50 million or $60 million off their top line,† says Soundview Technology analyst Ryan Molloy. Customers Cisco Systems, Nortel Networks and Redback Networks could also get stung, but WorldCom accounts for just a small percentage of total sales, says U. S. Bancorp Piper Jaffray analyst Edward Jackson. All telecom equipment makers could be affected in coming months, even if they didn't do business directly with WorldCom, analysts say. WorldCom was known for buying the latest, most high-tech equipment, forcing competitors to do the same if they wanted to keep up. With WorldCom out of the picture, spending could lag. u Contractors. In 1999, when consulting firm EDS signed an 11-year, $6. 4 billion contract to provide technology services to WorldCom, telecom was a growing industry. EDS is stuck with the deal and a related pledge to buy $6 billion worth of telecom services during that period. Now, EDS says it no longer wants to spend that much with WorldCom. It's in talks to work out a deal. RMH Teleservices has a five-year contract to provide customer service for WorldCom's MCI division. That accounted for 19. 5% of RMH's revenue from October to March. â€Å"While we cannot predict the future . . . we expect to continue to provide these services for MCI,† RMH leader John Fellows said in a statement. u Business partners. Last year, WorldCom pledged to buy millions of dollars in advertising from AOL Time Warner over several years. The exact terms were not disclosed. Now, that deal could be off, meaning fewer ads for Time magazine, cable's TBS and the WB television network. WorldCom also provides service to the company's AOL Internet division. AOL says it has backup providers in case WorldCom service is disrupted. Satellite cable provider DirecTV is holding meetings to determine how to handle its 4-month-old partnership with WorldCom. WorldCom was to provide the underlying network for part of DirecTV's high-speed Internet access service. Similar questions are being asked at Internet Security Systems, a software company that agreed in May to provide security services to WorldCom customers. The value of the two deals was not disclosed. * Sponsored events. Last week's Fourth of July fireworks Reprinted with permission. All rights reser ved. Page 8 AS SEEN IN USA TODAY MONEY SECTION, TUESDAY, JULY 9, 2002 celebration on the Mall in Washington was supposed to be paid for by WorldCom, which has sponsored part of the festivities for five years. But the company pulled out. The National Parks Foundation scrambled to find new funding from AT. Also in Washington, the MCI Center arena might soon be looking for a new sponsor and name. The WorldCom Classic, an annual PGA Tour stop in Hilton Head, S. C. , is in the same situation. u Charities. Each month, about 10,000 teachers receive free training in math, science and the arts from the MarcoPolo project, which is sponsored by WorldCom's charity arm. Now, program administrators and partners — including the National Geographic Society, American Association for the Advancement of Science and The Kennedy Center — are tr ying to make the proj ect independent of the struggling company. Last week, they pulled WorldCom's logos from the MarcoPolo Web site. They're applying to make it a â€Å"public charity,† says Caleb Schutz, president of WorldCom Foundation. There's a lot to lose if the company . . . pulled the plug. † For now, WorldCom still funds MarcoPolo. u Customers. The Texas Parks and Wildlife department spent last week printing temporary fishing and hunting licenses as a quick contingency plan. The department relies on a WorldCom computer network to transmit license information to 2,500 vendors. †Å"We certainly have to consider what might happen to our contract,† says Suzy Whittenton, a wildlife director. Webhelp, which outsources customer service for companies such as Microsoft, uses WorldCom to connect its overseas technology specialists with help-seekers in the USA. Because of a contract, Webhelp can't switch providers but was forced to get a backup provider in case WorldCom fails. That means twice the bills. â€Å"It's expensive, and at the end of the day, our clients pay for that,† says CEO Adler. Reprinted with permission. All rights reser ved. Page 9 Behind the Story: A Reporter’s Notebook The collapse of Enron and WorldCom, precipitated by revelations that both companies had misrepresented how profitable they were, threatens the health of the the nation’s stock markets. If investors can’t believe earnings numbers issued by the biggest companies in the USA, they won’t put their money into the market. And when investors take their money out of the market, as they’ve been doing for more than two years, businesses suffer. They can’t invest, they can’t grow as quickly and they can’t afford to hire more people. Greg Farrell Money reporter USA TODAY As the Enron and WorldCom examples demonstrate, there’s no room in a public marketplace for â€Å"creative accounting. † Once a few cheaters are revealed, the integrity of the entire marketplace is open to question. Greg Farrell is a reporter in USA TODAY’s Money section. He writes about fraud and white collar crime. In the past year, he has been reporting on Enron, Arthur Andersen, Martha Stewart and the Securities and Exchange Commission. Page 10 For discussion ADELPHIA PLANS TO FILE CHAPTER 11; ADELPHIA FOUNDER, 2 SONS, 2 OTHERS ARRESTED IN FRAUD (LIEBERMAN AND FARRELL) 1. Adelphia Corporation was the sixth largest cable company at the time of its collapse. The company was accused of a number of fraudulent activities including the manipulation of its financial reports. Specifically, the firm was accused of misreporting its cable subscription numbers in order to give the impression that the firm was growing faster than it was. For example, they counted subscribers from systems in Brazil and Venezuela where the company owns a minority stake in the company’s total subscribers. They also counted customers who ordered high-speed Internet services from companies owned by the Rigas family and clients that ordered home security services from Adelphia. Why would Adelphia’s management engage in what appears to be blatant misrepresentation of their number of subscribers? 2. When CEO John Regas of Adelphia was led away in handcuffs on racketeering charges, some complained that the justice department was making too public a display of its tough stance on white-collar crime. This type of treatment is normally associated with murderers and rapists. How do you feel about the importance of making a public spectacle of white-collar criminals? 3. The Adelphia lawsuit stated that the Rigases â€Å"used their domination and control of Adelphia, and their isolation from the scrutiny of the outside world, to engage in one of the largest schemes of self-dealing and financial wrong doing in American corporate history. Financial economists refer to this type of behavior as an agency cost since corporate executives are the agents of the firm’s owners or principals. How can stockholders protect themselves from the potential for self-dealing by corporate executives? ANDERSEN’S PARTNERS CHART FIRM’S FUTURE TODAY (FARRELL) 1. Arthur Andersen was once the premier public accounting firm but a string of high profile financial reporting disasters that culminated with the failure of Enron caused the demise of the once proud firm. Andersen’s failure highlights the fact that the principal asset of a public accounting firm is the firm’s reputation. Once the firm’s â€Å"credibility† is challenged its clients are no longer willing to pay for its auditing services. What is it that a public accounting firm does that requires it to have a sterling reputation for honesty? 2. Anderson’s initial lay off was 7,000 of its 26,000 employees before the firm completely collapsed and all employees lost their jobs. However, all of Andersen’s clients still needed auditing services so in many instances the employees continued to audit the same firms they had audited for Andersen, just for another auditing firm. If the employees just moved from one firm to another, was there really a layoff? Did Andersen employees really suffer from the demise of Arthur Andersen? Isn’t this also true of the Adelphia, Enron, and WorldCom employees? For more information, log on to http://www. usatodaycollege. com Page 11 Future implications WORLDCOM SCANDAL BRINGS SUBPOENAS, CONDEMNATION (BACKOVER AND VALDMANIS); DOMINOS HIT WORLDCOM PARTNERS, CLIENTS (KESSLER) The financial press coverage of the failures of Adelphia, Enron, and WorldCom have focused principally on stockholders who have lost everything they invested and creditors who stand to lose a portion of what they have loaned the company. However, other important consequences of these high profile failures are often overlooked including: (1) the financial and emotional losses suffered by employees who lose their jobs and face the prospect of a lengthy period of unemployment and possibly the dislocation costs of moving to another community to find work, (2) the local community public services and school systems who lose valuable tax revenues, and (3) the budget crises created for local charities and the arts that depend on corporate contributions for their continued survival. Bankruptcy courts focus on the contractual obligations of the firm to creditors and suppliers. It has been argued that the corporation is a â€Å"guest† of the society and as such has obligations to the entire web of stakeholders that have a financial stake in the firm’s survival. Should the claims of these â€Å"silent stakeholders† also be considered when a firm fails? About The Expert John D. Martin,Ph. D. Professor of Finance Carr P. Collins Chair Hankamer School of Business Baylor University From 1980 until 1998 John Martin taught at the University of Texas at Austin where he was the Margaret and Eugene McDermott Centennial Professor of Finance. Currently holding the Carr P. Collins Chair in Finance at Baylor University in Waco, Dr. Martin teaches corporate finance and financial modeling. His research interests are in corporate governance, the evaluation of firm performance, and the design of incentive compensation programs. Dr. Martin publishes widely in both academic and professional journals. Included among his academic publications are papers in the Journal of Financial Economics, Journal of Finance, Journal of Monetary Economics, Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Financial Management, and Management Science. Professional publications include papers in Directors and Boards, Financial Analysts' Journal, Journal of Portfolio Management, and Bank of America Journal of Applied Corporate Finance. u Dr. Martin co-authors several books including the following: u Financial Management, 9th edition (Prentice Hall Publishing Company) u Foundations of Finance, 4th Edition (Prentice Hall Publishing Company) u Financial Analysis (McGraw Hill Publishing Company) u The Theory of Finance (Dryden Press) Dr. Martin consults with a number of firms including Citgo, Hewlett Packard, Shell Chemical, Shell E, Texas Instruments and The Associates. Additional resources Working Paper Series — Financial Engineering, Corporate Governance, and the Collapse of Enron http://www. be. udel. edu/ccg/research_files/CCGWP2002-1. pdf For more information, log on to http://www. usatodaycollege. com Page 12